Showing posts with label Rongmei. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Rongmei. Show all posts

Indigenous / Culturally Specific Words from the Paper (Kabui/Rongmei religious terms, ritual names, deities, festivals, and community institutions)

 Gods, Deities, and Spirits

  • Tingkao Ragwang / Lagwang – Supreme God (King of Gods)

  • Apouna/Ragwang – Good spirit

  • Bisnu/Bonchanu/Manchanu – Good spirit (mythological son of Supreme God)

  • Napsinmei – God of paddy

  • Koklumei – Good spirit

  • Chonchai – Spirit/God of prosperity

  • Karangong – Good spirit

  • Charakilongmei – Spirit for welfare of humankind

  • Kairao – Household deities / Ancestors

  • Kaipi Bhamboo & Kaiba Bhamboo – Village deities (Soang/Shong)

  • Dampapu-Dampapui – God & Goddess of creation

  • Champei – Goddess of birds and animals

  • Karampou-Karampui – Presiding deities of places

  • Zongumei – Evil spirit

  • Kaibhamei – Evil spirit

  • Changlhu / Changlhu-lhudai / Changbang-lhudai – Evil spirits (North & South)

  • Taroi Gang – Presiding deity in the land of death

  • Pung-la – Spirit of mounds (evil)

  • Maigang – Fire god

  • Pong-Gwang – Wind god

  • Ting-Gwang – Rain god

  • Mong-Gwang – Cloud god

  • Bangla-Gwang – Earthquake god

  • Di-Tingpu-Di-Zangpui – Father & Mother earth goddesses

  • Kaikulla – Presiding deity of each corner

  • Lang-bhangla – Spirit dwelling under bedsteads

  • Lam-la – Evil spirit

  • Laora – God of paddy field (evil spirit)

  • Kapakara – Devils / Evil spirits

  • Duira – Water god

  • Thingphalla – Forest deity

  • Kunmei – Protector spirit of the village

  • Chagamei/Pa Ra – Evil spirit (roadsides)

  • Kapenpu & Kapenpui – Evil spirits (in-charge of epidemics)


Festivals & Rituals

  • Chakan-Gaan-Ngai / Gaan-Ngai – Grand festival, farewell to departed souls

    • Ngai-gangmei – 1st day

    • Ngai-dai – 2nd day (main day)

    • Tuna-gan-ngai – 3rd day

    • Ngai-ba – 4th day

    • Nap-chan – 5th day

  • Ri-Ngai – Festival of purification (body, mind, soul)

  • Nanu-Ngai – Ear-piercing festival

  • Napkao-Mei – Agricultural/paddy festival

  • Ginki-Mei – Ancestor/New Year festival

  • Guidui-Ngai – Fertility of soil festival

  • Toon-Ngai – Rainy season / ancestor worship

  • Pukphat-Ngai – New crop testing festival

  • Ten-Ngai – New bread/rice harvest festival

  • Changdon Ngai – Road repairing festival

  • Dongjao Ngai – Harvest competition festival

  • Neimei – Holy day observance (movement taboo/genna)

  • Nouna Mungkhao Kalummei – Blessing ceremony for newly married couples


Community & Ritual Terms

  • Chapriak – Followers (of Tingkao Ragwang)

  • TRC – Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak group

  • Kalumkai – Temple / House of worship

  • Pei / Peimei – Village elders’ council / council members

  • Khangchu – Boys’ dormitory

  • Luchu – Girls’ dormitory

  • Meipui – Old women’s shelter

  • Hoi – Traditional yell/chant

  • Lougai – Traditional hoe (used in rituals)

  • Meirapmei – Installation of sacred fire

  • Taam – Chutney for festivals

  • Suong-loi – Ritual chicken substitute for sick person

  • Joupaankeimei – Libation of rice beer

  • Gulim-dansanmei – Ritual offering of ginger (omen prediction)

  • Kairao-thee – Ancestor worship ritual

  • Dampakhonmei / Dampagallhou – Rites for child’s normal growth

  • Raang-Pat – Sacrifice day at village gate

  • Napchanmei – Oblation ritual

  • Lang-paimei – Ritual omen prediction

  • Gokpai – Omen prediction ritual

English to Rongmei Word Dictionary

Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.

 

GroupEnglishRuanglat
Belongingangled-pestle chauneimi
Belongingarmlet tabian
Belongingbangle nta
Belongingbasket strap puatru
Belongingbasket-box nkhuk
Belongingbed zi, laeng
Belongingdried meat zankang
Belongingearring numun
Belongingfat katha
Belongingfire mai
Belongingfresh meat zanring
Belonginggent’s basket sienpai
Belonginggents' cotton necklace langpeng
Belonginggirls' head ring pikhim
Belonginggloves banthuap
Belonginggravy gandui
Belonginghandkerchief nciphai
Belonginghat pirun
Belonginghearth maimang
Belonginghearth stones laibu
Belonginghusking basket nruh
Belongingivory armlet guipuangta
BelongingJug/mug kanduak
Belongingkilt nthinai
Belongingladies' top zakli
Belongingladle/spoon laitai
Belonginglady’s basket nkaluang
Belonginglegging phaikap
Belonginglong pants naisaeng
Belongingmat nting
Belongingmattress zibamphai
Belongingmeasuring basket khoupaek
Belongingmeat zan
Belongingmekhala pheisuai
Belongingmortar paan
Belongingmosquito net chakhengphai
Belongingmuffler guangbiet
Belongingnecklace ntu
Belongingnecktie guangkam
Belongingovercoat cuatheng
Belongingpants nai
Belongingpestle mih
Belongingpillow piban
Belongingplate napkuak
Belongingpot lai
Belongingquilt phaiphup
Belongingred tea chacham
Belongingrice nap
Belongingrice napsaem
Belongingrice pot naplai
Belongingring zungkhap
Belongingsalt ntei
Belongingsandals phaikam
Belongingsaucer tamkuak
Belongingseat bam
Belongingshawl banphei
Belongingshirt thiula
Belongingshocks phaigum
Belongingyoke guangkheng
Carpentryanvil tandang
Carpentryarrow paithu
Carpentryaxe nrih
Carpentrybow pai
Carpentrypickaxe chaem
Carpentryshield nggih
Carpentrysickle baengkhuai
Carpentryspade phudan
Carpentryspear bui/chakhun
Carpentrywooden lever thingchap
Celestial Bodyconstellation asakailiu
Celestial Bodysun nei
Celestial Bodysunlight neiriu
Colourblack miu
Colourblue nrim
Colourdark zing
Colourgreen ndiak
Colourgrey nram
Colourpink haengnau
Colourpurple haengmum
Colourred haeng
Colourwhite mphuan
Colouryellow nzin
Directiondown kabangbiak
Directioneast neipat
Directionleft mbaibiak
Directionnorth duipi
Directionright nzatbiak
Directionsouth duiba
Directionstraight ntingmei
Directionup karubiak
Directionwest neikei
Domestic ANimalsbitch sikui
Domestic ANimalsboar guaklu
Domestic ANimalsbuffalo guaitaluai
Domestic ANimalscalf guaituamna
Domestic ANimalscat amiauna
Domestic ANimalschick nruainciapma
Domestic ANimalscock nruaidui
Domestic ANimalscow guaituamkui
Domestic ANimalsdog (male) silu
Domestic ANimalsdog (neutral) si
Domestic ANimalspiglet guakna
Domestic ANimalspuppy sina
Domestic ANimalssheep lauziu
Domestic Foodbeans siaupai
Domestic Foodbrinjal panthau
Domestic Foodcolocasia bi
Domestic Foodcotton lang
Domestic Foodtill seed kating
Domestic Foodtomato panthaukhiangmei
Domestic Foodturmeric nzaikangrim
Domestic Foodyam bic
Environmentair mpuan
Environmentcliff khou
Environmentcloud muang
Environmentcyclone mpuandai
Environmentdew zik
Environmentearth kandih
Environmentearthquake baengla
Environmentflood duidai
Environmentfog achin
Environmentgold kachaek
Environmenthailstone nrithai
Environmenthill/peak luangbut
Environmentland ram
Environmentlandslide mulai
Environmentlightning tingpalik
Environmentmountain chingbut
Environmentmt. range luangriang
Environmentmud bih
Environmentocean duipui
Environmentpebble tausiam
Environmentplain nzaeng
Environmentriver duithuak
Environmentrivulet duina
Environmentrock taudai
Environmentsaline spring tazei
Environmentsand siniang
Environmentsea duidai
Environmentslope kaliap
Environmentwaterfall khouduang
Environmentwind mpuan
Expressionanger lungpuam
Expressionlie saraem
Expressionname zan
Expressionnews chamchiu
Expressionpain sumei
Family and Relationshipa loving name used for a girl/daughter alu
Family and Relationshipan address between sister and sister-in-laaning
Family and Relationshiparm in arm mpamma
Family and Relationshipaunty meinei (anei)
Family and Relationshipbest man noupoupam
Family and Relationshipbride noupei
Family and Relationshipbridegroom noupou
Family and Relationshipbridesmaid noupeipam
Family and Relationshipbrother chanapu
Family and Relationshipcousin maimaek
Family and Relationshipdaughter alupui
Family and Relationshipelder bro./sister meichai (achai)
Family and Relationshipfather meipu (apuau)
Family and Relationshipfor boys abung
Family and Relationshipstep-father puda
Family and Relationshipstep-mother puida
Family and Relationshipwife meinou
Fruitsbanana haeu
Fruitsmulberry khulangathai
Fruitsorange kamla
Fruitspapaya thinggaina
Fruitspeach sinangathai
Fruitspineapple kihuam
Fruitstopioca thingmanru
Fruitswatermelon duingeina
Fruitswild apple phakthai
Governanceauthority peikeza
Governancebank siankai
Governancebanner pheipaek
Governancecabinet minister kilo kilonser
Governancechairperson bampi
Governancecity namdai
Governancecountry kandih
Governancedress puan
Governanceflag chuangphei
Governancegovernor angh
Governanceleader zailoupou
Governancelibrary latbukkai
Governanceminister kilonser
Governanceoffice karutkai
Governancepresident yaruiwo
Governanceprime minister ato kilonser
Governanceschool dinkai
Governancesecretary hiloumai
Governancestate dihlang
Governancetown namdai
Governanceuniform nchampuan
Governancevillage kailuang
GrammerActionTaanruai
GrammerAddressing TermsKawmei Lwan
GrammerAdjectiveKagunhdinc
GrammerAdjective ComparisonKidaamei Guncdinc
GrammerAdverbTaanvchak
GrammerAdverb of DegreeAdih geic, Adih Kamv
GrammerAdverb of MannerKathiak dinhmei
GrammerCardinal NumeralsKasingsing
GrammerCaseTaanvmwng
GrammerClansKhwang
GrammerClauseLatriannac
GrammerCommonKaguaychyam.
GrammerCommon GenderKaguay Chyam
GrammerComplimentary CloseKaryangmei Lat
GrammerCompositionPhuakna hymei
GrammerComprehensionPacna Thaymei
GrammerConjunctionKariukaeng
GrammerConjunctionKariukaengv
GrammerConsonantGwanmaekHiak
GrammerConsonant ClusterKahiak hy Kariumei
GrammerCultural TermsChapriak Lat
GrammerDateBwzaeng
GrammerDegree of ComparisonKidaamei Gat
GrammerDescriptionLwn Dinhmei
Grammerdialect latkhuan
GrammerHead ClansPhwm
GrammerHomonymsKhwanGwan Akhatna tiki Latbah Baihmei
GrammerIdiomsLatthiap
GrammerImperative MoodLatdan Lunglwan
GrammerIndirect SpeechSaaNkih Lat
GrammerInfinitive MoodNganvmaek Lunglwan
GrammerInitial OccurrenceKahouh Khou
GrammerInterjectionCharindinc
GrammerInterrogationThanchinv
GrammerInterrogative AdverbThanvmei Taanchak
GrammerJobsTaanvdui
GrammerKinship TermsRiangruiah
GrammerLanguageLat
Grammerlanguage lat
Grammerletter (alphabet) Latrik hiak
GrammerLetter WritingTatdynm Hymei
GrammerLettersKahiak
GrammerLexicon (Wordstock)Latthwkangv
GrammerLoan WordNsucna piumei Latkaeng
GrammerLow ToneBummei Khwan
GrammerNoun CommonKaguay Zancphuak
GrammerNoun MaterialRampuat Zancphuak
GrammerNoun PronounZanhlyn
GrammerNoun ProperKalingv Zanhphuak
GrammerNumberKasing Lwan
GrammerNumeralKasingpav
GrammerOrdinal FigureDwanvchak Sing
GrammerOrdinal NumeralsKathaek sing
GrammerProblemKatuakhmei
GrammerPronoun DemonstrativeSwchinc Zanclyn
GrammerPronoun Distributive PronounDamzanpui Zanclyn
GrammerPronoun EmphaticMadansiakh Zanclyn
GrammerPronoun IndefiniteKadingmaekmei Zanlyn
GrammerPronoun InterrogativeLatthan Zanclyn
GrammerPronoun PersonalCharay Zanclyn
GrammerPronoun RelativeKariumei Zanclyn
GrammerProverbs and SayingsNyntyng Latchap
GrammerPunctuationKathaekluanv
GrammerPunctuation ApostropheKabimkat
GrammerPunctuation BracketGaeklangc
GrammerPunctuation ColonNthaekh Kanak
GrammerPunctuation Colon DashDing Ringc
GrammerPunctuation Colon SemiDing Kanak
GrammerPunctuation CommaKanak
GrammerPunctuation DashPunctuation Dash Jaisaengc
GrammerPunctuation ExclamationCharinchinv
GrammerPunctuation Full Stop Period, Ding Thaekh
GrammerPunctuation HyphenJaiduy
GrammerPunctuation Inverted CommaKoulangc
GrammerQualityKagunh
GrammerReduplicationsKaluaihmei Latpaa
GrammerRelative AdverbKariumei Taanvchak
GrammerRoman FigureRommei Chak Sing
Grammerscript lathiak
GrammerSemanticKabah
GrammerSentenceLatkaeng (KNG), Latrian (RR), Latzwan (GG)
Grammersentence latzuan
GrammerSentence ComplexAlamvmei Latrian
GrammerSentence CompoundKariumei Latrian
GrammerSentence DeclarativeChalahna Ndauhpatmei Latrian
GrammerSentence ImperativeThouhmei Latrian
GrammerSentence InterrogativeThanvmei Latrian
GrammerSentence NegativeHamhmei Ndauhmei Latrian
GrammerSentence SimpleChalahmei Latrian
GrammerSimple AdverbChamhmei Taanchak
GrammerSocial GrammarCharuangc latriak
GrammerSocial RespectChakhuang Lwan
GrammerSoundKhwan
GrammerSpellingKahiakduay
GrammerStateKathaek
GrammerSubjectTaanswpou
GrammerSubject of Letterkalam latbamv
GrammerTransliterationHykaluaihmei
GrammerVerbTaansw
GrammerVerb AuxiliaryTaanvswkhav
GrammerVerbal CategoriesVerb Kik
GrammerVoiceKhwandinc
GrammerVoice ActiveTaandun Khwandinc
GrammerVoice PassiveTaandy Khwandinc
GrammerVowelGwannayhiak
GrammerWordLatthw
Grammerword latkaeng
GrammerWord DivisionLatlangv
GrammerWord FormationLatkaeng Duanhmei
Grammer: Verbadmire kasian
Grammer: Verbadvise katiu
Grammer: Verbanoint nam
Grammer: Verbanswer deu
Grammer: Verbargue agai
Grammer: Verbask than
Grammer: Verbback han
Grammer: Verbburn raeu
Grammer: Verbburp nbun
Grammer: Verbbury mphum
Grammer: Verbbuy liu
Grammer: Verbcalculate chak
Grammer: Verbcall kao
Grammer: Verbcalling kau
Grammer: Verbcarry/cradle phung
Grammer: Verbcatch nim
Grammer: Verbchange kalai
Grammer: Verbchew khai
Grammer: Verbchoose kappa
Grammer: Verbcircle ngui
Grammer: Verbclose mbang
Grammer: Verbcome guang
Grammer: Verbcompare kida
Grammer: Verbcook suang
Grammer: Verbcough nkhou
Grammer: Verbcount kasing
Grammer: Verbcrack nkak
Grammer: Verbcrawl guang
Grammer: Verbcry kap
Grammer: Verbcut (a meat) dim
Grammer: Verbcut (down a tree) dau
Grammer: Verbcut (grass) dan
Grammer: Verbcut (meat) dim
Grammer: Verbdance laem
Grammer: Verbdefecate bamei
Grammer: Verbdefrost nungkai
Grammer: Verbdig chau
Grammer: Verbdig chau
Grammer: Verbdivide nzan
Grammer: Verbdo tan
Grammer: Verbdrink zang
Grammer: Verbdrip zau
Grammer: Verbdrip zau
Grammer: Verbdry (a cloth in sun) phau
Grammer: Verbearn phi
Grammer: Verbeat tu
Grammer: Verbenjoy aman
Grammer: Verbentrust sinalaumei
Grammer: Verbenvy mama
Grammer: Verbflow luang
Grammer: Verbfly sam
Grammer: Verbfollow lai
Grammer: Verbforget amu
Grammer: Verbfree nsa
Grammer: Verblaugh nui
Grammer: Verblay aleau/
Grammer: Verbleak tiet
Grammer: Verblearn ncham
Grammer: Verbleave gan
Grammer: Verbleave mpat
Grammer: Verblick aliak
Grammer: Verblie (tell lies) saram
Grammer: Verblift kasun
Grammer: Verblight (a candle) ntau
Grammer: Verblike/admire kahau
Grammer: Verblimp kasai
Grammer: Verblisten ngking
Grammer: Verblook zaeu
Grammer: Verbloose (a robe) liu
Grammer: Verblose man
Grammer: Verblove kung
Grammer: Verblove nzian
Grammer: Verbmeasure ndat
Grammer: Verbmistreat
Grammer: Verbmock ala
Grammer: Verbmove kalung
Grammer: Verbmurder meidou
Grammer: Verbnarrate ra
Grammer: Verbobey piu
Grammer: Verbopen lan
Grammer: Verbpain/hurt su
Grammer: Verbpersevere akhaeng
Grammer: Verbpick (something) khuai
Grammer: Verbpile up stones khuat
Grammer: Verbpinch nsik
Grammer: Verbplace a cup on sth dung
Grammer: Verbplan chamraeng
Grammer: Verbplant ling
Grammer: Verbplant (a tree) ling
Grammer: Verbplay palup/tali
Grammer: Verbplough khuai
Grammer: Verbpoint with finger sau
Grammer: Verbpoke rung
Grammer: Verbpound sau
Grammer: Verbpraise thuan
Grammer: Verbpray huainei
Grammer: Verbpull zai
Grammer: Verbpull (out grass) phuai/jai
Grammer: Verbpush thui
Grammer: Verbquestion/ask than
Grammer: Verbread pah
Grammer: Verbread pa
Grammer: Verbrear (an animal) nruai
Grammer: Verbregret lungngiu
Grammer: Verbreject lamak/ganpat
Grammer: Verbsend mpuat/diu
Grammer: Verbshiver kadun
Grammer: Verbshoot kaep
Grammer: Verbshout kaoh
Grammer: Verbsing suan
Grammer: Verbsit dung
Grammer: Verbskip kachuam
Grammer: Verbslap kaphi
Grammer: Verbsleep zip
Grammer: Verbslice/cut liem
Grammer: Verbsmell nnam
Grammer: Verbsneeze nthei
Grammer: Verbspeak sa
Grammer: Verbspear (a game) phian
Grammer: Verbspend piu
Grammer: Verbspin kapin
Grammer: Verbspin kapin
Grammer: Verbspread laem
Grammer: Verbsprout puak
Grammer: Verbsquat ntum
Grammer: Verbstand ding
Grammer: Verbstare zau
Grammer: Verbsteal hou
Grammer: Verbstitch hui
Grammer: Verbstop kham/nthek
Grammer: Verbstudy kathai
Grammer: Verbsuck ntim
Grammer: Verbsuffer rianra
Grammer: Verbswallow aluak
Grammer: Verbtake la
Grammer: Verbteach din
Grammer: Verbtear (a cloth) siat
Grammer: Verbthank thuan
Grammer: Verbthink ning/kakhan
Grammer: Verbthreaten mpin
Grammer: Verbthrow ndat
Grammer: Verbtire rianra
Grammer: Verbtorture rai
Grammer: Verbtorture rai
Grammer: Verbtouch kahi
Grammer: Verbtrim (branches) riau
Grammer: Verbtrust/believe lum
Grammer: Verbturn kadat
Grammer: Verbuntie ripat
Grammer: Verburinate zun
Grammer: Verbvomit nrui
Grammer: Verbwait nkhuan
Grammer: Verbwalk tat
Grammer: Verbwant kahaeu
Grammer: Verbwash (a cloth) sou
Grammer: Verbwash (a dish) khiu
Grammer: Verbweave dak
Grammer: Verbworship kalum
Grammer: Verbwrite hi
Grammer: Verbyawn hem
Grammer: Verbsbeat/bang kazum
Grammer: Verbsbelt bungkam
Grammer: Verbsburp nbun
Grammer: Verbscough nkhou
Grammer: Verbscry kap
Grammer: Verbsdefecate bamei
Grammer: Verbsfart mbai
Grammer: Verbshiccup chatzai
Grammer: Verbshowl kagiak
Grammer: Verbsjump kachak
Grammer: Verbskick nsui
Grammer: Verbslaugh nui
Grammer: Verbslimp kasai
Grammer: Verbsrun pak
Grammer: Verbsscream kaora-ndi
Grammer: Verbsshiver kadun
Grammer: Verbsshout kao
Grammer: Verbssit dung
Grammer: Verbsskip kachuam
Grammer: Verbsslap kaphi
Grammer: Verbssleep zip
Grammer: Verbssneeze nthei
Grammer: Verbssquat ntum
Grammer: Verbsstand ding
Grammer: Verbsthrow ndat
Grammer: Verbsurine zun
Grammer: Verbsvomit nrui
Grammer: Verbswalk tat
Grammer: Verbsyawn haem
Household Hardwareadvocate latzanmai
Household Hardwarealmirah nkhukdaimai
Household Hardwarebell kang
Household Hardwarebicycle saikal
Household Hardwarebox kau
Household Hardwarecamera maengnambung
Household Hardwarecandle khuliu
Household Hardwarecourt latzankai
Household Hardwarecymbal simtuai
Household Hardwaredrum ngkhuang
Household Hardwareduration gandak
Household Hardwareelectricity alictric
Household Hardwarefan hunpaek
Household Hardwarefilter duisingbung
Household Hardwareseason kakin
Household Hardwaresecond mikkhipdak
Household Hardwaretea-strainer chasingraek
Household Hardwaretelephone chamriang
Household Hardwaretelevision
Household Hardwaretime kagan
Household Hardwareumbrella satin
Household Hardwarewall clock demkhuang
Household Hardwarewatch pung
Household Itemsmidnight zipchung
Household Itemsmorning lauthuan
Household Itemsnight zingbang
Household Itemsnoon/midday kalan
Household Itemspain suhmei
Household Itemsprice kaman
Household Itemsprofit gaengmei
Household Itemsquestion latthan
Household Itemsstool baa
Household Itemssweat talandui
Household Itemsthing ram
Household Itemsthought meilungning
Household Itemswood thing
INSECTant ntiang
INSECTbee nkhuai
INSECTbutterfly talaam
INSECTcaterpillar nkupui
INSECTcockroach pala
INSECTcricket nkit
INSECTdragonfly duiroupui
INSECTfly simang
INSECTgrasshopper nka
INSECTleech mbat
INSECTlouse of clothe rik
INSECTlouse of head rik
INSECTmosquito chakhaeng
INSECTmoth talaempei
INSECTscorpion raga
INSECTspider cherapui
INSECTtick talai
Measurementguest gin
Measurementhalf hands length ngengraek
Measurementhalf-basket ngiupek
Measurementhands length khap
Measurementheight kauhmei
Measurementhuman mansei
Measurementinfant/baby ngnganahaeng
Measurementlength kasaan
Measurementmale nggaanmei
Measurementmale bird kadui
Measurementman maipu
Measurementoctagonal kuntachat
Measurementold man karapou
Measurementold woman karapei
Measurementone basket ngiu khat
Measurementone handfull baanzum
Measurementone palmful Baanzum khat
Measurementone storing basket duang
Measurementoval nzuang
Measurementpalm size banpopek
Measurementrectangle kunpadei
Measurementround nguimei/kabung
Measurementscale ndatzuan
Measurementsquare kuncham
Measurementteen khangliubuan
Measurementthickness kasu
Measurementthin pumei
Measurementtriangle kunthum
Measurementtwo finger breadth Zungpek kanei
Measurementtwo palmfull Baanzum kanei
Measurementwidow maaipui
Measurementwidower maaipu
Measurementwoman meipui
Measurementyouth chabuan
MonthsApril Baanraubu
MonthsAugust Pukphabu
MonthsDecember Gaanbu
Numbers systemeightyriaktachat
Numbers systemelevenrunakhat
Numbers systemfiftyriakngu
Numbers systemfivepangu
Numbers systemfourpadei
Numbers systemfourtyriakdei
Numbers systemhundredphai
Numbers systemninechakiu
Numbers systemninetyriakchakiu
Numbers systemoneakhat
Numbers systemsevenchanei
Numbers systemseventyriakchanei
Numbers systemsixcharuk
Numbers systemsixtyriakcharuk
Numbers systemtenru
Numbers systemthirtytamru
Numbers systemthreekathum
Numbers systemtwelverunakanei
Numbers systemtwentynchui
Numbers systemtwokanei
Part of Houseash mbut
Part of Housebackyard kaithei
Part of Housebamboo (tall) goriu
Part of Househouse/home kai
Part of Houseinside the house kainung
Part of Housejhum field chinglau
Part of Housekitchen suangbam
Part of Houseladder kailaek
Part of Houseleaf kanui
Part of Houselong bridge pumsaeng
Part of Housemud bih
Part of Houseplank thingpaek
Part of Houseplant rambang
Part of Housepointed nchum
Part of Housepond zeibuk
Part of Housepost/pillar ntiang
Part of Houseroom kailang
Part of Houseroot kamaan
Part of Housesharp ntukmei
Part of Houseshort bridge pum
Part of Houseshorter bamboo mpei
Part of Housesmaller bamboo nriang
Part of Housesmoke maikhou
Part of Housesoap ngkhuai
Part of Housestep phaikaem
Part of Housetanky duikou
Part of Houseterrace nzaenglau
Part of Housetree thingbang
Part of Housetrench khunriang
Part of Housewell duikhun
Parts of Bodycanine meinei
Parts of Bodycheek meibiang
Parts of Bodychest meingang
Parts of Bodychin meikhatang
Parts of Bodyear meinukuan
Parts of Bodyearwax nuba
Parts of Bodyelbow meichau
Parts of Bodyeyeball meimikthu
Parts of Bodyeyebrow meimiksui
Parts of Bodyeyelash meimikhiu
Parts of Bodyeyelid meimiklim
Parts of Bodyeyes meimik
Parts of Bodyface meizau
Parts of Bodyfat meitha
Parts of Bodyfinger meibanzung
Parts of Bodyflesh meizantei
Parts of Bodyforearm meiban
Parts of Bodyforehead meisanpiang
Parts of Bodygallbladder meimou
Parts of Bodygum meitangnei
Parts of Bodyhair meisam
Parts of Bodyhand meiban
Parts of Bodyhead meipi
Parts of Bodyheart meilungthu
Parts of Bodyheel meiphaichum
Parts of Bodyincisor meihuriau
Parts of Bodyinstep phaipa
Parts of Bodyintestine meirei
Parts of Bodyjaw meikhabaeng
Parts of Bodykidney meiki
Parts of Bodyknee meikhubut
Parts of Bodyleg meiphai
Parts of Bodylip meichi
Parts of Bodyrectum meibabuang
Parts of Bodyrib meinaekpairou
Parts of Bodysaliva meitam
Parts of Bodyscrotum meidei
Parts of Bodyshin meitanluang
Parts of Bodyshoulder meiboukhuat
Parts of Bodyskin meigi
Parts of Bodyskull meipirou
Parts of Bodysnot meinu
Parts of Bodyspit meitei
Parts of Bodyspleen meipai
Parts of Bodystomach meibung
Parts of Bodyteeth meihu
Parts of Bodytemple meitanglip
Parts of Bodythigh meinaeng
Parts of Bodythroat meiruak
Parts of Bodytoe meiphaizung
Parts of Bodytongue meibalei
Parts of Bodyvagina meimao
Parts of Bodyvein meizairiang
Parts of Bodywaist meisian
Parts of Bodywrist meibantiang
Peopleadvocate dingsung
Peoplebarber samriapmei
Peoplebrothel pumzuankai
Peoplebutcher zandaumei
Peoplechawkidar kaikhuanmei
Peoplecobbler phaithuabhuimei
Peoplecooks langdimei
Peoplecowherd guaigaengmei
Peoplecultivator lautanmei
Peoplecustomer puatliumei
Peopledancer alaemmei
Peoplediviner amu
Peopledoctor
Peopledoctor (med) maipah
Peopledriver lairisinmei
Peoplegoldsmith kachaekdimei
Peoplepostman tatdinmei
Peoplepotter laikasiammei
Peoplepriest tingku
Peoplequeen liamma
Peopleseller zuanmei
Peopleservant meibang
Peopleshaman amu
Peopleshop zuankai
Peopleshopkeeper languanmei
Peoplesinger lusuanmei
Peoplesoldier riphian
Peoplesportsperson mathianmei
Peoplestudent dinna
Peoplesweeper kaigeimei
Peopletailor pheihuimei
Peopleteacher latdinpou
Peoplethief hautumei
Peopletraveller ngginruanmei
Peoplewasherman pheisaumei
Peoplewitch duaithaimaipui
Peoplewrestler anuaimei
Religionangel banchra
Religionbelief lummei
Religionblessing suaihiam
Religionchristian khristianmei
Religionchristianity khristachap
Religionchurch rakai
Religionconfession kalaeumei
Religiondead’s world taruairam
Religionredemption ranpatmei
Religionreligion rachap
Religionresurrection ringthaudatmei
Religionreward Thuan/suan
Religionsacrifice rakhaeng
Religionsalvation ringbam
Religionsaviour guloumeipu
Religionsin nuan
Religionsoul du
Religionspirit bumaeng
Religiontemptation nthiammei
Religiontraditional Religionpoupeiriak
Religiontrust lummei
Religiontruthfulness latchang
Religionworship kalum
Schoolaeroplane sambung
Schoolbadminton
Schoolball ngitbung
Schoolboat hih
Schoolbook latbuk
Schoolboots nsuithuap
Schoolbottom kasing
Schoolcircular hinzan
Schoolclass (of school)
Schooltennis
Schooltop
Schooltrain train
Schoolvehicle gari
Schoolvolleyball banphibung
Seasonautumn chakanmun
Seasonspring lauphunsuan
Seasonsummer tinglum
Seasonwinter tingsei
Sicknessblind miktiatmei
Sicknessboil asuh
Sicknesscold asikmeira
Sicknesscough nkhoumei
Sicknesscurse siang
Sicknessdeaf nundimei
Sicknessdiarrhea baazui
Sicknessdumb latmaek
Sicknessdysentery zeibaamei
Sicknessfever raamanmei
Sicknessgoitre guangpuam
Sicknessheadache pimbaamei
Sicknessich nthak
Sicknessitches nthakmei
Time an Businessyear tingkum
WeekdayFriday Kachaeknei
WeekdayMonday Daannei
WeekdayThursday Baanzanei
WeekdayTuesday Dinei
WeekdayWednesday tingsannei
Wild Animalsbat lamtuai
Wild Animalsbear chagam
Wild Animalsbird without tail mukna
Wild Animalsblack jungle fowl arik
Wild Animalsflying squirrel zaukaluk
Wild Animalsfox asasi
Wild Animalsfrog gau
Wild Animalsgreen pigeon ruaiguina
Wild Animalsgrey pigeon
Wild Animalshornbill raengdai
Wild Animalspython nthaan
Wild Animalsrabbit achaeu
Wild Animalsrat apuak
Wild Animalsred dotted bird ati
Wild Animalssnail taniang
Wild Animalssnake nrui
Wild Animalssparrow tingkana
Wild Animalssquirrel zaukalai
Wild Animalsstag chakhaeng
Wild Animalsswallow pangraenga
Wild Animalstiger chakui/kamang
Wild Animalstortoise guiphuap
Wild Animalswild boar su
Wild Animalswild cat zauki
Wild Animalswolf angiu
Wild Animalswoodpecker banbu
Wild AnimalsEarthworm chupliang

RNLPM Sees Red Over Derogatory Post on Rani Gaidinliu¹

Imphal, August 13, 2025: The Rongmei Naga Luh-Phwam Manipur (RNLPM) has called upon authorities to take swift action against individuals circulating false, derogatory, and defamatory content on social media concerning India's revered freedom fighter, Rani Gaidinliu.

In an official statement, RNLPM president Chingdinliu Panmei vehemently condemned a social media post by "Kukiland India." The post allegedly contained slanderous remarks, labeling Rani Gaidinliu as a prostitute, and used demeaning terms such as "Kacha Naga" and "Landless Naga" to refer to the Nagas of Manipur.

"We take grave offense to this statement and will not remain silent," the RNLPM asserted, demanding that the state government pursue legal action against the perpetrator(s).

The RNLPM reiterated its call for authorities to thoroughly investigate the matter and implement legal measures against those responsible for these derogatory posts, which they claim are frequently uploaded by Kukis. They emphasized the importance of ensuring that the law is applied fairly and impartially.

"Rani Gaidinliu was a freedom fighter of India. Her legacy is cherished not only by the Naga community but also by the nation. The slanderous remarks against her are an insult to the Naga community and Indian women at large, implying a derogatory characterization of our womenfolk," the RNLPM stressed.²


¹ This news is as published by a respected news daily at Imphal, whose name is duly marked as 'Source'. E-Pao.net is not responsible for its sanctity & originality.

² "RNLPM Sees Red Over Derogatory Post on Rani Gaidinliu," Chronicle News Service, Imphal, August 13, 2025.

English to Rongmei to Hindi

  ENGLISH RONGMEI HINDI (Transliteration)

1 A pleasure to meet you. Nangta ariw na zaeng gai e. / आपसे मिलकर खुशी हुई।aap Se miLakar khusii huii.

2 A ticket to Mumbai, please. Nriangluang tuang ticket ti o / रिआंगलुआंग का टिकट चाहिए। (Nriangluang kaa tikat caahiye.)

3 Afternoon Kalaan / दोपहर (Dopahar)

4 Again? Kaluaih mei / फिर से (phir Se)

5 Are you on Facebook? Nang facebook khou bam dai? / क्या आप फ़ेसबुक पर हैं? (kyaa aap facebook par hain?)

6 Aunty Pulao / आंटी (aaNtii)

7 Back / Behind Thei tho / पीछे (piiche)

8 Bill, please. Bill laguang o. / बिल ले आइये। (biL Le aaiye.)

9 Breakfast Lakhuan nap / नाश्ता (NaasTaa)

10 Brother Chai / भाई(bhaiyaa

11 Brother kaina / अन्ना (aNNaa

12 Call the police. Police ta kau lou o / पुलिस को बुलाओ। (puLiS ko buLaao

13 Can I use a credit card? Credit Card la /puni daih? / क्रेडिट कार्ड चलेगा? (kredit kaard caLega

14 Change Kalaihmei / बदलना (baDaLaNaa

15 Defective Gaimak mei / ख़राब (kharaab

16 Do you speak English? Nang English thai daih? / क्या आपको अंग्रेज़ी आती है? (kyaa aapako angrezii aaTii hai?

17 Egg Ruai Duih / अंडा (aNdaa

18 Excuse me / Sorry Kuak lou na ro / माफ़ कीजिये (maaf kiijiye

19 Fever Ramanh mei / बुख़ार (bukhaar

20 Food Nap / खाना (khaaNaa

21 Front Kadaeng / सामने (SaamaNe)

22 Fruit Tingthai / फल (phaL)

23 Give me a smaller / larger size. Daihmei/ thiammei dat lou o. / छोटा / बड़ा नाप चाहिए। (chotaa / badaa Naap caahiye.)

24 Go right. Zat biat tat khang e. / दाएं जाना है। (Daayen jaaNaa hai.)

25 Go straight. Tat ting ding o / सामने / सीधे चले जाइये। (SaamaNe / SiiDHe caLe jaaiye.)

26 How are you? Nang kumh bam tuang? "

क्या हाल है?(kya haal hai?)"

27 How are you? Nang kumh na bam tuang? / आप कैसे /कैसी हैं? (aap kaiSe hain / kaiSii hain?)

28 How do you read this? mi ta kumh na pah khang cho? / इसे कैसे पढ़ेंगे? (iSe kaiSe padhenge?)

29 How far is the next stop? Guangding nimei bam zanh kumh na cho? / अगला स्टॉप कितना दूर है? (agaLaa Staup kiTaNaa Duur hai?)

30 How far is the Taj Mahal? Pabuan Ching saan thao cho? / पबुआन कितनी दूर है? (Pabuan kiTaNii Duur hai?)

31 How long will it take? Kagan zuh dou la puni bo? / कितना वक़्त लगेगा? (kiTaNaa vaqT Lagegaa?)

32 How much? zuh dau tha? / कितना हुआ? (kiTaNaa huaa?)

33 How? KUmhna / कैसे (kaiSe)

34 I Ai / मैं (main) I

35 I am a non-vegetarian. Ai kha-zanh tu de. / मैं मांसाहारी हूँ। (main maanSaahaarii huun.)

36 I am a vegetarian. Ai kha-zanh tumak e. / मैं शाकाहारी हूँ। (main saakaahaarii huun.)

37 I am feeling sick. Ai nau e / मेरी तबियत ख़राब है। (merii TabiiyaT kharaab hai.)

38 I am good. Ai gaina bam de. / मैं ठीक हूँ। (main thiik huun.)

39 I don’t speak Hindi. Ai hindi thai mak ge. / मुझे हिंदी नहीं आती। (mujhe hiNDii nahiin aaTii.)

40 I don’t understand. Ai thai mak ge. / मुझे समझ नहीं आया। (mujhe Samajh Nahiin aayaa.)

41 I don’t want this. Ai hei lazi e / मुझे यह नहीं चाहिए। (mujhe yah Nahiin caahiye.)

42 I have an early morning train. Atuang thuanh lakhuan tuang train e. / मेरी सुबह की ट्रेन है। (merii Subah kii treN hai.)

43 I have lost my passport. Atuang Passport Maan kan the. / मेरा पासपोर्ट खो गया है। (meraa paaSaport kho gayaa hai.)

44 I like Nrianghluang. Ai Nriangluang kahau e. / मुझे रिआंगलुआंग पसंद है। (mujhe riangluang paSaND hai.)

45 I love Rongmei cuisine. Ruangmei nap-gan tugai e. / मुझे रुआंगमेई खाना पसंद है। (mujhe ruangmeu khaana paSaND hai.)

46 I need help. / Please, help me. Ai ta kha lou o / मुझे मदद चाहिए। / कृपया, मेरी मदद कीजिए। (mujhe maDaD caahiye.) / (kripayaa, merii maDaD kiijiye.)

47 I want more chapatis. Akhang tian laguang lou dat na ro. / मुझे और रोटियाँ चाहिए। (mujhe aur rotiyaan caahiye.)

48 I want this. Ai hei lani e. / मुझे यह चाहिए। (mujhe yah caahiye.)

49 In the middle of the Night Ziphwng ganv khou / रात के बीच में (raat ke beech mein)

50 Indian Flat Bread Tian / रोटी (rotii)

51 Inside Kalunh / अंदर (aNDar)

52 Is there any medical store nearby? kadaeng khou pu kai nai puni bo? / क्या पास में कोई दवा की दुकान होगी? (kyaa paaS men koii Davaa kii DukaaN hogii?)

53 It’s a pleasure meeting you. Nang ta aru na neihla the. / आपसे मिलकर ख़ुशी हुई। (aap Se miLakar khusii huyii.)

54 It’s delicious. Mi hei tugai e. / ये बहुत स्वादिष्ट है। (ye bahuT SvaaDist hai.)

55 Large Daih mei / बड़ा (badaa)

56 Left Bai / बाएं (baayen) 

57 Less Rau mei / कम (kam)

58 Madam Madam / मैडम (maidam)

59 Medicine Pu / दवा (Davaa)

60 Milk Guaih nau dui / दूध (DuuDH)

61 More Peina / ज़्यादा (zyaaDaa)

62 Morning lakhuan / सुबह (Subah)

63 My name is …………. Azanh ………… e / मेरा नाम …………………. है। (meraa Naam ………….. hai.)

64 Name Zanh / नाम (Naam)

65 New Kathanh / नया (Nayaa) 

66 Night Zingmei / रात (raaT) 

67 No Kumh mak e / नहीं (Nahiin) 

68 Okay Gai the / ठीक है (thiik hai)

69 Old Karaan / पुराना (puraaNaa) 

70 One tea / coffee, please. Chha kap khat na ti o. / एक चाय / कॉफ़ी चाहिए। (ek caay / kaufii caahiye.)

71 Outside Paeng / बाहर (baahar)

72 Please Zauzian na / कृपया (kripayaa)

73 Please, change this. Mi kalaih lou o. / इसे बदल दीजिये। (iSe baDaL Dijiiye.)

74 Please, lower the price. Mi tuang man swrau maih lou na o / इसका दाम कम कीजिए। (iSakaa Daam kam kiijiye.)

75 Please, make it less spicy. Maruai/ tingthai sw lou rau o. / तीखा कम रखियेगा। (Tiikhaa kam rakhiyegaa.)

76 Please, say it again. Zauzian na sa-kaluaih dat o. / कृपया, फिर से कहिये। (kripayaa, phir Se kahiye.)

77 Please, speak slowly. Zauzian na zaeng na sa o. / कृपया, धीरे बोलिये। (kripayaa, DHiire boLiye.)

78 Please, write it down. hilou na o. / इसे लिख दीजिये। (iSe Likh Diijiye.)

79 Price Kaman / दाम (Daam) 

80 Purse/Wallet Paisa khau / पर्स (parS)

81 Railway station, please. Ai Bus stand/Railway station tat ni e / रेलवे स्टेशन / बस स्टेशन जाना है। (reLave StesaN / baS StesaN jaaNaa hai.)

82 Read? Pa o / पढ़ना (padhaNaa)

83 Rice Nap / चावल (caavaL)

84 Right Zat / दाएं (Daayen)

85 Road Chaeng / सड़क (Sadak)

86 Rupees Paisa / पैसे (paiSe) 

87 Sir Sir / सर (Sar)

88 Sister Chailu / बहन (DiiDii)

89 Size Datmei / नाप (Naap) 

90 Small Thiam mei / छोटा (chotaa)

91 Speak? Sa o / बोलना (boLaNaa)

92 Spice Maruai / मसाला (maSaaLaa)

93 Straight Ting ding / सीधे (SiiDHe)

94 Sweet Deihmei / मीठा (miithaa)

95 Table for two, please. Gaan kanei e. / दो लोग हैं। (Do Log hain.)

96 Take me to the metro, please. Zauzian na Ai ta Station latat lou o / मुझे स्टेशन ले चलो। (mujhe StesaN Le caLo.)

97 Tell me the correct price. Kaman kei lou na o / सही दाम लगाओ। (Sahii Daam Lagaao.)

98 Thank you Neihla the/ Thuanku the / शुक्रिया (sukriyaa)

99 Thank you Thuanku the / धन्यवाद (DHaNyavaaD)

100 Theft Kaihaumei / चोरी (corii)

101 This stuff has defects. Mi ram ga mak e. / ये सामान ख़राब है। (ye SaamaaN kharaab hai.)

102 Time Kagan / समय (Samay) 

103 Turn Kuaih / मोड़ (mod)

104 Turn left. Bai biat tat khang e. / बाएँ मुड़ना है। (baayen mudaNaa hai.)

105 Uncle Puilao / अंकल (ankaL)

106 Vegetable Gan / सब्ज़ी (Sabzii)

107 Water Dui / पानी (paaNii)

108 What is the route to Connaught Place? Pabuan Ching tat khang chaeng kumh mei cho? / पबुआन के लिए कौन-सा रास्ता है? (Pabuan ke Liye kauN-Sa raaSTaa hai?)

109 What’s the price? Kaman zuh dau tha? / क्या दाम है? (kyaa Daam hai?)

110 What’s the time? Khuangh zuh kei tha? / कितने बजे हैं? (kiTaNe baje hain?)

111 What’s your name? Nang zanh kumh na cho? / आपका क्या नाम है? (aapakaa kyaa Naam hai?)

112 When kumhmei gan / कब (kab) 

113 Where Kumh tho / कहाँ (kahaan)

114 Where can I get the ticket? Ticket kumh tho phang puni bo? / टिकट किधर मिलेगा? (tikat kiDHar miLegaa?)

115 Where is the police station? Police kai kumh thang cho? / पुलिस चौकी कहाँ है? (puLiS caukii kahaan hai?)

116 Where is the toilet? Zih ka kumh thang cho? / बाथरूम कहाँ / किधर है? (baaTHaruum kahaan / kiDHar hai?)

117 Where should I get off? Ai kumh mei bam khou kei khang cho? / मुझे कहाँ उतरना चाहिए? (mujhe kahaan uTarNaa caahiye?)

118 Where’s the hospital? Hospital Kumh thang cho? / अस्पताल कहाँ है? (aSpaTaaL kahaan hai?)

119 Which side Kumh mei biat / किधर (kiDHar)

120 Yes Nguai / हाँ (hā̃) 

121 You Nang / आप (aap)

122 You’re a nice person. Nang gai e / आप बहुत अच्छे / अच्छी हैं। (aap bahuT acahe / acchii hain.)


Understanding Key Terms in Rongmei Culture and Society

The following compilation offers an insight into specialized, uncommon, or culturally significant words and phrases pertaining to the Rongmei community, encompassing their traditional religion (Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak - TRC), aspects of Christianity, social structures, philosophical concepts, and ritualistic practices. These terms are vital for comprehending the unique cultural tapestry and historical evolution of the Zeliangrong people, particularly the Rongmei tribe. They reflect indigenous belief systems, the influence of missionary activities, and foundational principles governing community life and identity.


Religious & Spiritual Terms

This section defines terms central to the traditional Rongmei religion, Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak (TRC), highlighting its supreme deity, worship practices, sacred places, and religious leadership. These terms underscore the intricate spiritual framework that has historically guided the Rongmei people's relationship with the divine and their ancestral traditions. The formal organization of TRC and key figures in its oral tradition are also noted.

  • Tingkao Ragwang: The supreme creator god in Rongmei traditional religion.¹

  • Chapriak: Refers to the religious system or the act of worship and religious practice.¹

  • Kalumki / Kalumkai: The local term for a house of worship or a sacred place where religious rites are performed.¹

  • Duigan Chakmei: A small offering of water made to the deity, signifying devotion.¹

  • Maku Banru: A significant traditional sacrificial ritual, often involving specific animals or items.¹

  • Taarang Kai Shumei: Another form of major traditional sacrifice, distinct from Maku Banru but serving similar ceremonial purposes.¹

  • Khammei Luh: The final hymn or farewell song typically sung during TRC worship services.¹

  • Sindoor / Khaam Nimmei: A sacred red mark applied to the forehead after worship, symbolizing blessings or participation.¹

  • Amhang, Tenglam, Tingpurengsonnang: Various traditional diviners or prophets who interpret divine will or foresee events.¹

  • Tingalapu, Thongrammang, Tingtranpu: Additional names referring to specific religious figures or diviners within the traditional system.¹

  • TRC (Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak): The official, formalized name of the indigenous Rongmei religion, representing its organized structure.¹

  • Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak Phom: The religious organization responsible for governing and promoting TRC.¹

  • Zeliangrong Rachapriak Phom: The former name of the Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak Phom, indicating a historical change in nomenclature.¹

  • Chaoba Kamson: An authority frequently cited for his knowledge of Zeliangrong oral tradition and cultural heritage.¹


Christianity-Related Terms

This category introduces terms associated with the advent and practice of Christianity among the Rongmei. It highlights key figures in its introduction, the primary organizational bodies, and fundamental concepts within the Christian faith as they pertain to the community. These terms reflect the dual religious landscape that exists in the region, with Christianity being a significant faith alongside traditional practices.

  • William Pettigrew: Recognized as the first Christian missionary to reach Manipur in 1894, playing a foundational role in introducing Christianity to the region.²

  • Rongmei Naga Baptist Association (RNBA): The main Baptist Christian body specifically serving the Rongmei community.²

  • Zeliangrong Baptist Church Council (ZBCC): A broader Baptist council encompassing the Zeliangrong tribes, fostering unity among different sub-tribes within the Baptist faith.²

  • Evangelist: A person dedicated to preaching and promoting the Christian gospel, often involved in missionary work or outreach.²

  • Theologian: An individual who engages in the systematic study of religious doctrine, beliefs, and practices.²

  • Baptism: A Christian sacrament symbolizing spiritual cleansing, initiation into the Christian faith, and public declaration of belief.²

  • Offering: Monetary contributions or symbolic gifts given to God during Christian worship services.²

  • Choir Master: A person responsible for leading the singing of hymns and other musical aspects in Christian church services.²


Anthropological & Social Terms

This section details terms crucial for understanding the social identity, customary practices, and community dynamics of the Zeliangrong people, with a focus on the Rongmei. It covers tribal classifications, traditional governance, and concepts related to cultural preservation and social development. These terms shed light on the structural and communal aspects of Rongmei life.

  • Zeliangrong: A collective tribal identity comprising the Zeme, Liangmai, and Rongmei tribes, emphasizing their shared heritage.³

  • Rongmei: One of the major constituent tribes within the broader Zeliangrong identity.³

  • Customary rites: Rituals and practices meticulously followed according to established traditional customs and norms.³

  • Oral tradition: The invaluable method of passing down knowledge, history, myths, and cultural practices verbally from one generation to the next.³

  • Freedom fighters: A specific reference to Haipou Jadonang and Rani Gaidinliu, revered leaders who spearheaded resistance against colonial rule in the region.³

  • Cultural heritage: The enduring legacy of cultural practices, beliefs, values, and traditions inherited and preserved by a community.³

  • Village authority: The traditional governing body or leadership structure at the local village level, responsible for local administration and justice.³

  • Dormitory admission: A significant social ritual in traditional Rongmei society, often marking the entry of young individuals into specific age-grade systems or community roles.³

  • Social welfare: Refers to community services and initiatives aimed at improving the health, well-being, and living standards of people.³

  • Women and child programs: Development initiatives, particularly within Christian missions, focusing on the welfare and empowerment of women and children.³

  • Community solidarity: The strong sense of unity, cohesion, and mutual support that binds members within the tribe or a specific religious group.³


Legal, Philosophical & Human Rights Terms

This segment introduces terms from legal philosophy and human rights discourse, providing context for discussions on rights, justice, and cultural perspectives within the Rongmei context. These terms are used to analyze the interplay between universal human rights principles and specific cultural values.

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): The foundational human rights document adopted by the United Nations in 1948, setting a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations.⁴

  • Natural law: A philosophical concept asserting that certain rights and moral values are inherent, universal, and discoverable through reason, independent of human laws.⁴

  • Human dignity: The intrinsic worth and value of every human being, serving as a foundational principle for human rights.⁴

  • Moral vision: A culturally grounded understanding and perspective of right and wrong, shaping a community's ethical framework.⁴

  • Equality of opportunity: A core principle of fairness in social systems, advocating that individuals should have equal chances to succeed regardless of background.⁴

  • Cultural relativism: The view that beliefs, values, and practices are products of specific cultures and should be understood within their own context, not judged by external standards.⁴

  • Universalism: The idea that certain rights, values, or moral principles apply to all people across all cultures, irrespective of their specific cultural backgrounds.⁴

  • Legal sanction: Official approval or permission granted by law, or a penalty imposed for breaking a law.⁴

  • Normative value: A standard, rule, or principle that is used to evaluate or guide behavior, institutions, or systems.⁴

  • Subjective vs. Objective rights: Distinctions in legal philosophy concerning whether rights originate from an individual's moral sense or internal conviction (subjective) versus deriving from external institutions, laws, or universal principles (objective).⁴


Worship Practices & Ritual Objects

This section outlines specific elements and objects used in both traditional Rongmei worship and Christian practices. These terms provide concrete examples of how religious beliefs are expressed through rituals and ceremonial items.

  • Sacred wine: Utilized in offerings to Tingkao Ragwang in traditional Rongmei religious ceremonies.⁵

  • Lighting of candles and agarbatti (incense): Ritual elements common in both traditional Rongmei and Christian worship practices, signifying reverence and prayer.⁵

  • Prayer songs / Hymns: Sung expressions of devotion, praise, and theological beliefs, integral to both traditional and Christian services.⁵

  • Sacrificial offerings (cock or pigeon): Specific animals commonly used in traditional Rongmei rites to appease deities or seek blessings.⁵

  • Altar: A sacred platform or raised structure used for placing offerings and conducting prayers in both traditional and Christian contexts.⁵

  • Divine revelation: Communication believed to originate from a deity to humans, often guiding religious practices or beliefs.⁵

  • Ragaidai, Bamzoujangmei (Kimei): Specific traditional rituals conducted to address unnatural or supernatural events, or to ward off negative influences.⁵


¹ Information synthesized from common knowledge of Rongmei traditional religion and its organizational structure.

² Information based on the history of Christianity in Manipur and the formation of Baptist bodies among the Rongmei.

³ Information derived from the established understanding of Zeliangrong identity, customary laws, and historical figures.

⁴ Definitions are standard interpretations of legal and philosophical terms.

⁵ Practices and objects are based on general knowledge of ritual components in traditional and Christian worship.