Papers related to Zeliangrongpui, Rongmei (Kabui), Zeme, Liang and Mpui

 Rongmei

31-Aug-2018 Gender and Customary Law among Rongmei of Manipur an Ethnographic Study Pamei Roselima Kamei Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri

11-Jul-2016 Historical traditions religious beliefs and practices of the Rongmei tribes Budha kabui, K Jitendra Singh , M

11-Jul-2016 History and culture of the kabui Rongmei people of North East India Lamalu Thaimei Singh, G P

17-Dec-2015 Typological characteristics of Rongmei Gonmei, Guigongpou War, Juanita

20-Apr-2015 A study of socialization process among the rongmei nagas of Impal Manipur Konjengbam, Rashitombi Devi Gunadhor, S,

22-Jun-2016 The Primordial Songs of Commune Life in Barak Valley A Socio Cultural Investigation Special Context The Dimasa and Rongmei Tribes Indranil Dey Biswatosh Chowdhury

22-Jun-2016 Media Audit of Public Issues Critical Discourse Analysis of Select English Newspapers R. Royal Rongmei K. V. Nagaraj

03-Jun-2016 History and culture of the Maram Nagas _ a reconstruction from oral and folklore traditions Tiba, Th R Nag, Sajal

29-Apr-2014 The kabui nagas of Manipur: a study of identity and identity-crisis Aphun, Kamei Kumar, Anand

31-May-2016 Ethnobotanv of Jaintia and Rongmai Naga tribes settled in Barak valley Nath, Banasree Dutta, B K and Paul, S B

13-Oct-2014 The customary laws and practices of ruangmei kabui in Manipur Jangailu, Gangmei Singh, M Jitendra

11-Jul-2016 The ethnological study of the Liangmei Tribe of Manipur Thouchom Mina Devi Kunjeswori Devi, L

06-Apr-2016 Meta narratives of HIV positive intra venous drug users from Manipur catharsis for intervention an anthropological analysis Singh, Nongmeikapam Inaoba Mehta, Shalina

14-Jul-2016 Nominal phrase in Paite and English A contrastive study Muana, T K Khan, A G

08-Jun-2016 The syntactic structures of Maring Sunila Sharma, M Saratchandra Singh, N

21-Aug-2014 Zeliangrong movement in north east India Samson Kamei Burman J.J. Roy

31-Aug-2015 A STUDY OF THE SOCIO CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND VALUE PATTERNS OF THE ANGAMI NAGAS IN NAGAlAND KHOTOLE KHIEYA BUNO ZETSUVI, R.P. SHUKLA

13-Oct-2014 Impact assessment of micro finance institutions in the north east India with special reference to Manipur Lhouvum, Thangzamang Singh, W C

16-Dec-2015 Women in informal sector in Manipur A sociological study Chandam,Victoria Devi Rajaram,N

30-Jan-2017 Traditional religion of the Lotha Nagas and the impact of Christianity Ezung, Mhabeni Lotha, Y.Ben

29-May-2013 Systematic study of the plant species under acanthaceace family in the valley districts of Manipur Deshworjit Singh Ningombam Singh, Potsangbam Kumar

21-Apr-2016 Mass media in conflict zones a study based on daily newspapers published from Imphal Manipur Devi, Ksh. Chitrabhanu Mishra, Raghavendra

15-Jul-2016 Oral narratives of Ao Nagas constructing identity Longchar, Resenmenla Kanaka Durga, P S

23-Mar-2016 Epiphytic lichens their diversity distribution and air pollution sensitivity in Sonitpur district Assam Daimari, Rebecca Hoque , R R and Nayaka, S

21-Oct-2015 Studies on the vascular cambium and its derivatives in some primitive angiosperms of subtropical moist forest of Meghalaya Liangkuwang, M G Venugopal, N

17-Aug-2017 Studies into the distribution of medicinal flora of Lalganj subdivision of district Mirzapur Uttar Pradesh Tiwari, Mukta Singh, R H

31-May-2016 Lichen flora on betel nut host plant _ distribution diversity and assessment as air quality indicators in Cachar district Southern Assam North East India Bichitra Singha, A Rout, Jayashree and Upreti, D K

10-May-2018 Biodiversity of ants on selected horticultural plants their interspecific relationships and abiotic impacts Viyolla Pavana Pinto Reddy M.S.

17-Oct-2016 Studies on traditional plant resources and their management in North Cachar Hills Assam Medhi, Pramod Borthakur, S K

18-Apr-2017 Studies into the distribution of medical flora of Lalganj subdivision of district Mirzapur Uttar Pradesh Tiwari, Mukta Singh, R H and Singh, Rama Shankar

12-Apr-2018 Studies on wild medicinal flora of Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh Gwalwanshi, Daulat Ram Bishwas, Amit Jugnu

9-Feb-2015 ENHANCEMENT OF SECONDARY METABOLITE CONTENT IN TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA WILLD MIERS EX HOOK F THOMS THROUGH TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS BIOACTIVITY V. SIVAKUMAR Dr. M.S. DHANA RAJAN

14-Jul-2016 A descriptive grammar of Maram Pebam, Ibopishak Singh Ningomba, M S

18-May-2016 Ethno_medico botany of a few tribal communities in north Cachar hills district of Assam Sajem, Albert Lalduhawma Nath, Minaram and Rout, Jayashree

19-Apr-2018 Development and designing of health communication policies a case study of assam Bora Devajit Das Kandarpa

18-May-2016 Lichen flora of Cachar district Southern Assam with reference to occurrence distribution and its role as environmental bioindicators Das, Pulak Upreti, D K and Rout, Jayashree

28-Dec-2016 Methods for Efficient and Secure Service Availability in Peer to Peer Overlay Networks K HARI BABU Prof. Chittaranjan Hota

Kabui

20-Apr-2015 A Study on the pattern of the meitel and kabui naga boys of Manipur Pukharambam, Inakhunbi Devi Saratchandra Singh, K

29-Apr-2014 The kabui nagas of Manipur: a study of identity and identity-crisis Aphun, Kamei Kumar, Anand

11-Jul-2016 History and culture of the kabui Rongmei people of North East India Lamalu Thaimei Singh, G P

5-May-2015 Ethnobotanical studies of the Kabui and Monsang Naga tribes of Manipur State Devi, Mayanglambam Roma Dutta, Biman Kumar

20-Apr-2015 A study of the traditional subsistence pattern of the kabuis and its relationship with the prehistoric cultures of Manipur Manglembi Devi, Kh Nabakumar Singh, W

11-Jul-2016 Astudy of political history of Manipur from Pakhangba to Khagemba Laishram Basanti devi Gangmumei Kabui and Verma, L B

11-Jul-2016 Historical traditions religious beliefs and practices of the Rongmei tribes Budha kabui, K Jitendra Singh , M

21-Aug-2017 Vaiphei phonetics phonology and morphology a descriptive study Suantak Khawlsonkim Singh, S K

11-Jul-2016 A comparative study of the political system of the meiteis of Manipur with the Tais of south east Asia (From the 15th AD to 19TH century AD) Singh, Heisnam Nilakant Kabui, Gangmumei

13-Oct-2014 The customary laws and practices of ruangmei kabui in Manipur Jangailu, Gangmei Singh, M Jitendra

28-Sep-2017 Descriptive grammar of Kabui Tiwari, Surendra Kumar Bhat, D N Shankara

4-Jan-2016 Physical variation between two sections of the kabuis of Manipur and their ethnic position Singh, L Rajendra Das, B M

6-May-2014 Contesting geo-bodies and rise of sub nationalism in North-East India: a case study of nagas and khasis Ahmed, Rafiul Butola, B S

6-Apr-2016 Meta narratives of HIV positive intra venous drug users from Manipur catharsis for intervention an anthropological analysis Singh, Nongmeikapam Inaoba Mehta, Shalina

11-Jul-2016 The ethnological study of the Liangmei Tribe of Manipur Thouchom Mina Devi Kunjeswori Devi, L

13-Oct-2014 Religious beliefs and practices in meitei Speech Community Heloise, Sorokhaibam Devi, N Pramodini

1-May-2015 The muslims in manipur: a study in their history and culture Ahamad, Nazir Jitendra Singh, M

14-Jun-2017 Socio cultural life of the Kukis of Manipur a historical analysis Gangte, Thangkhomang S Bhowmick, P K

11-Jul-2016 A historical study of the traditional Manipuri Martial Art Kokngang singh, L Lokendra Singh, N

31-Dec-2015 Food culture and society among the people of Tangsas of Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh Mazumdar, Malaya Misra, P K

13-Oct-2014 A philosophical study of sanamahi religion Singh, Thoudam Keshorjit Singh, A Doredra

21-Aug-2014 Zeliangrong movement in north east India Samson Kamei Burman J.J. Roy

9-May-2015 A descriptive grammar of sadu koireng Waikhom, Kunjalata Devi Pramodini, N

13-Oct-2014 The religion of the meiteis: a historical perspective Devi, K Bidyarani Singh, M Jitendra

17-Dec-2015 The Manipur political agency with special reference to the frontier problem, 1836_1991 Kaba, Anthony Hussain, Imdad

31-Dec-2015 Ethnicity in Manipur_ experiences issues and perspectives Vashum, Lucy Thomas Ghosh, A K

31-Aug-2015 A Sociological Study of Political Elite in Manipur OINAM MOMOTON SINGH Kshetri Rajendra Singh

31-Jul-2014 Ethnic Identities : a case Study of relations between the Nagas and the Kukis 1826 1997 Tohing, S R Josh, Bhagwan

31-Dec-2013 The social dynamism of Shumang Lila of Manipur: a sociological analysis of some of its contemporary manifestations Singh, Kshetrimayum Imokanta Visvanathan, Susan

3-Nov-2016 Chronicles of kings a comparative study of the raghuvalfls riijataraligiqi cheitharol kumbaba Devi,Khwairakpam Renuka Roy,Kumkum

9-Jun-2016 Mayaichanba matamgi Manipuri sahityada imagery _Imagery in medieval Manipuri literature_ Singha, Seityabati Rajmani Singha, H

11-Jul-2016 A Historical study of Tourism in North East India with special reference to Manipur Wangkhem, Wilson Singh Kunjeswori Devi, L

17-Dec-2015 Geographical appraisal and impact assessment of Indo Myanmar boundary Imchen, Tsukjemchila Gopalakrishnan R

23-Aug-2017 Socio economic study of Manipur 1467 to 1891 A D Jyotirmoy Singh, W Sunita, Zaidi

11-Apr-2016 Socio religious movements among the Meiteis of Manipur a study of Sanamahi and Meitei christian movements Singh, Yumlembam Khogen Gill, Rajesh

13-Oct-2014 Language change in meiteiron Devi, Puyam Pusparani Devi, N Pramodini

24-Jun-2016 Cultural and Ecological Aspects of Plant Diversity of Imphal East Distrcit Manipur Bijayalaxmi Devi Aparajita De and PK Hajra

22-Dec-2014 Opening up the hills the politics of access along the northeast frontier of British India 1866 to 1942 Dzuvichu, Lipokmar Singha, Radhika

9-Jan-2014 Distribution and territoriality of ethnic dialects and patterns of inter-ethnic communication in Manipur : a development perpective Lhungdim, Hemkhothang. Ahmad, Aijazuddin

12-Feb-2015 Identity and ethnicity of Komrern people of Manipur: a specific focus on Kom tribe Akhup Alex Saldanha Denzil

5-Jan-2016 Imphal a study in urban geography Singh, Kh Yaima Taher, Mohammed

24-Dec-2014 Non government organizations NGOs in development a sociological study of selected NGOs in Manipur Niumai, Ajailiu Panini, M.N

24-Apr-2015 Geopolitical situation in Manipur national interests and local demands Naorem, Kishorchand Singh Deva Singh, N

18-Nov-2016 Socio religious and political movements in modern manipur 1934 51 Singh, Haorongbam Sudhirkumar Josh, Bhagwan

13-Jan-2014 Education and occupational mobility among the Hmars of Manipur Vanrammawi Ahmad, Karuna

1-Dec-2014 A Comparative study of manipuri and dimasa marriage systems in Barak Valley Singha, H. Joykumar Singh, N. Saratchandra

11-Jul-2016 A historical study of traditional Manipuri theatre Rangitabali, Waikhom Lokendra Singh, N

1-May-2015 Estimation of stature from different body dimensions among maring males of Manipur Naorem, Jibit Meitei Sorojini Devi, H

4-Jan-2016 Socio political institutions of the tangkhul with special reference to the western tangkhul of Manipur east district Ruivah, Khashim Goswami, M C

6-Mar-2014 Integration, development and the higher civil service in Manipur : a study of policies and policy makers (1978 - 1995) Singh, Nameirakpam Somorendro Arora, Balveer

21-Oct-2015 Womens participation in the Bodo movement Chaudhuri, Sucheta Sen Subba, T B

22-Dec-2014 Territorialities and Identities: North Eastern Frontier of the British Indian Empire Singh, Yengkhom Jilangamba Bhattacharya, Neeladri

16-Dec-2015 Women in informal sector in Manipur A sociological study Chandam,Victoria Devi Rajaram,N

21-Aug-2017 Opfu opelo the poetry and lore of mao naga folksongs Mao, K Nipuni Kharmawphlang, Desmond L

5-Oct-2017 A study of the social movements by the women civil society organizations in Manipur state Potsangbam, Koni Lawani, B T

6-Jan-2014 Cultural Study of Agra Region in the Perspective of Archaeological Excavations and Explorations Arakhita Pradhan Giriraj Kumar

5-Aug-2014 Large dams and the political dynamics in Northeast India: an exploration through the case of Manipur Singh, Kshetri Rajiv Rodrigues, Valerian

6-Mar-2018 Opfu opelo the poetry and lore of mao naga folksongs Mao, Nipuni K kharmawphlang, Desmond L

31-Dec-2015 Womens participation in the Bodo movement Sen, Sucheta Subba, T B

1-May-2015 Role of personal collections in promoting intellectual heritage in Manipur Ayekpam, Ithoi Devi Madhuri Devi, Th

19-Apr-2016 A Descriptive grammar of Inpui Devi, Waikhom Pinky Haokip, Pauthang

18-Oct-2016 A study of extrajudicial execution under section 4 a of the armed forces special powers act 1958 Begum, Anjuman Ara Baruah, Aparajita

2-Jan-2015 The NorthEastern region and India s diplomacy : a study of strategic, commercial and cultural factors Saikia, Pradip Singh, Swaran

14-Jul-2016 A descriptive grammar of Maram Pebam, Ibopishak Singh Ningomba, M S

18-May-2016 Ethno_medico botany of a few tribal communities in north Cachar hills district of Assam Sajem, Albert Lalduhawma Nath, Minaram and Rout, Jayashree

15-Sep-2011 Self-determination movement in Manipur Sharma, Hanjabam Shukhdeba Burman, J J Roy

21-Jan-2016 TOWARDS THE AESTHETIC OF TRIBAL DISCOURSE A STUDY OF THE DISMANTLING CENTER MARGIN BINARISM IN THE FICTION OF MAHASWETA DEVI AND GOPINATH MOHANTY Pawan Kumar Dr. Shiv Govind Puri

25-Apr-2018 ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES ON PLANT RESOURCES IN HOOGHLY DISTRICT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MEDICINAL PLANTS P r i y a n k a C h a t t e r j e e AMBARISH MUKHERJEE

Rongmei Naga Mythologies Possible Migration Theory

 The Rongmei (Kabui) Odyssey

1. Introduction

The Rongmei, also known as Kabui, stand as an indigenous Zeliangrong Naga tribe inhabiting the regions of Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland in Northeast India. This ethnically rich community finds its origin intertwined with the enigma of the term "Kabui," and even their name "Rongmei" is rooted in their geographical residence – "Rong" signifies "south" and "mei" translates to "people," collectively meaning "people of the south." Through generations, Rongmeis have preserved their history, culture, and religion, handed down as oral traditions including myths, folktales, legends, and hymns.

Image Source: E-pao

2. The Cosmogony - Universe's Genesis

"Cosmogony," derived from Greek roots "kosmos" (universe) and "genesis" (coming into being), delves into myths or theories elucidating the universe's creation. In the Rongmei tradition, a Supreme Being, Tingkao Raguang, orchestrated the formation of the cosmos, celestial bodies, and Earth. These elements were meticulously organized into layers, culminating in a world characterized by supernatural and natural powers.

3. Birth of Earth

Tingkao Raguang's directives prompted deities Didimpu and Agonpu to fashion Earth. The narrative varies, portraying Earth's emergence through means of divine excretions, tears, or solidification of elements. These tales capture the Rongmei's profound connection to the very land they inhabit, where creation and life intertwined through celestial intervention.

4. Genesis of Humanity

In the Rongmei's universe, man's origins are multifaceted. The Supreme God's commands led to various prototypes of humans – from fish to frogs – until beings resembling Tingkao Raguang's own image were finally molded. The process of breathing life into these creations reflects their unique perspective on existence and a divine connection between creator and created.

5. Evolution of Rongmei Society

Narratives of divine warnings and familial conflicts highlight the societal underpinnings of Rongmei migration. The shift from Makuilongdi saw the blossoming of chieftainships, social structures, and lineage traditions. The tale unveils complex dynamics where land fertility, overpopulation, and familial disputes triggered a migration ripple effect across the land.

6. Modern-day Dispersion

From Makuilongdi's heart, Rongmei migration courses through varied landscapes. The tribes scattered across Manipur, Nagaland, and Assam, preserving their traditions amidst diverse surroundings. This journey embodies the rich tapestry of Rongmei history, from the ancient cave of origin to contemporary dwellings, where myths and history blend seamlessly.

7. Insights and Reflections

The Rongmei Naga myths and legends form a mosaic reflecting their perception of creation, migration, and cultural evolution. This tapestry binds the past and present, demonstrating the delicate interplay between the supernatural and natural, the divine and human. The Rongmei's stories resonate as more than mere narratives; they are the mirror to their identity, faith, and journey.

Adapted from:

Creation and Origin Myths and Legends of the Rongmei (Kabui)

Artha – Journal of Sciences, 2022, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1-15. ISSN 0975-329X | https://doi:10.12724/ajss.62.1

ARE THE LUNGPHUNLIAN MEGALITHS BUILT BY THE MIRAWRNG [RONGMEI]?

ARE THE LUNGPHUNLIAN MEGALITHS BUILT BY THE MIRAWRNG?

Dr. Malsawmliana

Translated: This translation maintains the academic and cultural integrity of the original Mizo text while ensuring clarity in English.

Original Source in Mizo Language here

The question of who constructed the ancient Mizo megaliths—whether they were built by Mizos or possibly by other communities—requires thorough investigation. Let’s briefly explore this, focusing on the megaliths at Vangchhia and Lungphunlian. Some believe the Vangchhia megaliths were built by the Vangchhe people, and similarly, there is a view among scholars that the Lungphunlian megaliths are also their work. Additionally, there is speculation that these could be remnants of the Mirawng (Rongmei), a Naga sub-group.

The name of the village Lungphunlian, derived from ‘Lungphun lian’ (large stone slab), prompts the question: who built these? Various scholars have expressed differing opinions over time. The general public often considers these to be the work of the Mirawng, but scholars like Darchhawna, Dr. Sangkima, B. Lalthangliana, Liangkhaia, and R. Buragohain (who wrote on this topic) hold divergent views. The Lungphunlian megalith is a large, uncarved stone slab, standing 4.3 meters tall, located near the village.

Among the differing opinions, R. Buragohain suggests these were built by the Meitei, while Darchhawna believes they are the work of the Tripuri, possibly constructed by a group migrating from Tripura to Manipur in the 17th century. However, historical records of Tripura indicate that the 17th century was a period when the Manikya rulers held significant power, and the only recorded interaction between Tripura and Manipur was in 1662–1663, when King Chhatra Manikya sent representatives to the Manipur court. There is no evidence of Tripuri migration to Manipur during this time, and the style of Tripuri megaliths differs from those at Lungphunlian. Thus, it is unlikely that these are Tripuri constructions.

Dr. Sangkima attributes the megaliths to the Vangchhia people. However, historical records suggest the Vangchhe lived in present-day Vangchhia, Champhai, and surrounding areas. Comparing the diverse megaliths at Vangchhia’s ‘Kawtchhuah Ropui’ with those at Lungphunlian reveals significant differences in style and carving techniques. Lungphunlian’s megaliths are plain (without carvings), leading me to conclude they are not the work of the Vangchhia people.

Meanwhile, B. Lalthangliana, Rev. Liangkhaia, C. Chawngkunga, and others propose that these were built by the Rongmei (Mirawng), a Naga sub-group, during their time in Mizoram. B. Lalthangliana notes that around the late 17th century, the Rongmei lived in northern Mizoram near the Manipur border, in areas like Tualcheng, Selam, Lungphunlian, and Vankal. He mentions they left behind traces, including megaliths, old forts, graves, and roads.

Who Are the Mirawng/Rongmei?
The Rongmei are a Naga sub-group currently residing in Manipur, part of the Kacha Naga, which includes Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei, and Kabui. In 1963, when Nagaland became a state, ‘Kacha Naga’ was renamed ‘Zeliang’ (Zemei and Liangmei), later including Rongmei as ‘Zeliangrong.’ The Rongmei are a significant group, considering Manipur’s western hills, Imphal valley, and North Cachar Hills (Assam) their homeland. Historically, they lived in Manipur, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, with many now in Tamenglong District, Manipur.

‘Rongmei’ derives from ‘Rong’ (southern) and ‘Mei’ (people), meaning ‘people from the south.’ Their history traces their origins to Southwest China, migrating with other Naga groups like Ao, Angami, Sema, Lotha, Tangkhul, and Rengma through Burma and Southeast Asia to Northeast India. Naga history suggests they entered their current region around the 13th century from Burma. According to G. Makuga, Liangmei followed Angami, Zemei moved to western Manipur, and Rongmei later settled in Manipur’s west, their current homeland. They were among the last Naga groups to migrate from the Chin Hills. Makuga notes that after leaving the Chin Hills’ Rongkiang hills, they were followed by the Kookies (Koomees) in the 17th century, known as ‘Mrungs’ (Mirawng/Rongmei) by the Lusei in Mizoram. They lived in northern Mizoram areas like Champhai, Tualcheng, Selam, Lungphunlian, and Vankal, leaving behind megaliths, forts, graves, and roads. Near Tualcheng, Mirawng graves and forts are still visible.

The Rongmei likely lived in Mizoram around the late 17th century, with accounts placing them in Selam, 5 km north of Lungphunlian, in the early 18th century (Liangkhaia, B. Lalthangliana).

Their Megalithic Practices:
Lungphunlian features large, uncarved stone slabs arranged in rows (‘Alignment’) along roadsides. A similar style is seen in Selangthel near Churachandpur, Manipur, where large, uncarved megaliths are placed along roadsides as ‘Boundary pillars’ by the Rongmei (Kabui Naga). Comparing these with Lungphunlian’s alignments suggests a strong likelihood of Rongmei origin. The ‘Manding Lung’ near Lungphunlian, attributed to Bawrhsap Manding Putara, may also be such a boundary marker. If these rows are indeed Rongmei constructions, they could serve as boundary pillars, a hypothesis worth further exploration.

In conclusion, comparing Rongmei megalithic practices in Manipur with Lungphunlian’s alignments indicates a possible Rongmei origin, though further investigation is needed to confirm this.