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Baba Chandra Singha Th., "The Socio-Economic Life of the Zeme Naga in the Twentieth Century," Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, M.U. 1996.

Baruah, Sanjib. "Gulliver’s Troubles: State and Militants in North-East India." Economic and Political Weekly. October 12, 2002.

Baruah, Sanjib. "Confronting Constructionism: Ending India’s Naga War." Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 40, No. 3 (May 2003): 321–38.

Bennison, J. J. "Pau Chin Hau Script" in Census of India 1931. Part I, Chapter 10, 194–5. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1933.

Bhadra, Gautam. "The Kuki Uprising (1917–1919): Its Causes and Nature." Man in India, Vol. 55, No. 1 (January–March 1975): 10–56.

Bhuyan, A. C. "Political History of Assam Vol. 2." Gauhati: Department for the Preparation of Political History of Assam, Government of Assam, 1978.

Blau, Joseph L. "Reform" in Mircea Eliade (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Religion: Volume 12. New York: Macmillan, 1987.

Bower, Ursula Graham. "Cycle-Migration of the Zemi Nagas, North Cachar Hills, Assam." Man in India, 1946.

Bower, Ursula Graham. "Naga Path." London: Readers Union/John Murray, 1952.

Brara, Vijaylakshmi N. "Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India’s North East." New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

D-H

Buangam, Henry, "System of Inheritance among the Zeliangrongs," Paper Presented at Tamenglong, Manipur, Organized by Don Bosco Past Pupils Association, 17-18 December, 1994.

Budha Kabui, Kamei, "Historical Traditions, Religious Beliefs and Practices of the Rongmei Tribe," Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, M. U. 2008.

Census of India, 1931. "Part I, Chapter 10, Para 120 and Chapter 11, Para 135," pp. 194–5, 217–18. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1933.

Chasie, Charles. "The Naga Imbroglio: A Personal Perspective." Kohima: Standard Printers & Publishers, 1999.

Chaube, S. K. "Hill Politics in Northeast India." New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1999.

Conference on Zeliangrong Religion, "Commemorative Volume," 14-16 April, Imphal, 1994.

Dangmei, Thuanchuiliu, "A project report Tribal Customary and their practices Naga of Senapati and Tamenglong Districts," Tribal Research Institute, Manipur, 2011.

Dangmei, Thuanchuiliu, "Crime and Penalty under Rongmei Customary Laws." Paper presented at the National Seminar on Customary Laws with reference to Manipur, 25-26 November, 2006, LMS Law College, Imphal.

Dena, Lal. "Christian Missions and Colonialism: A Study of Missionary Movement in Northeast India with Particular Reference to Manipur and Lushai Hills 1894–1947." Shillong: Vendrame Institute, 1988.

Dev, S. C. "Nagaland: The Untold Story." Calcutta: Mrs Gouri Dev, Regent Estate, 1988.

Diacon, Todd A. "Millenarian Vision, Capitalist Reality: Brazil’s Contestado Rebellion, 1912–1916." Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.

Devi, Rashitombi Konjengbam, "A Study of Socialization Process Among the Rongmei Nagas of Imphal," Ph.D. Thesis, Manipur University, 1996.

Dharmaraj. "A Rousing Call from the Northeast." Guwahati: Heritage Foundation, 2004.

Downs, F. S. "Christianity in North East India: Historical Perspectives." Delhi: ISPCK, 1983.

Eaton, Richard M. "Conversion to Christianity among the Nagas, 1876–1971." Indian Economic and Social History Review 11, No. 1 (1984): 1–43.

Elwin, Verrier. "A Philosophy of NEFA." Shillong: NEFA Administration, 1959.

G-K

G. Makuga, "The Rongmei Customary Laws (in English) A collection of Ancient Rongmei Traditional and Social usages, custom and culture," Dimapur, Nagaland, Unity Printing House, 2007.

Gailangam, K., "Traditional Role of Women in Zeliangrong Society" in North East Zeliangrong Naga Festival-Cum-Seminar, 9-12 Dec. 1995.

Gailangam, K., "The Economic History of Manipur: A study in the Transformation of Traditional Economy to Colonial Economy, 1850-1930," Unpublished M.Phil, Dissertation, M.U. 1991.

Gailangam; K., "Origin and Migration· of the Rongmei (Kabui) people" Organized at Maram village, Senapati District, Manipur from 27-29 Nov. 2002.

Gangmei, Benjamin, "Customs and Laws of Marriage in Rongmei Society," Paper presented at Tamenglong, Manipur organized by Don Bosco Past Pupils Association, 17-18 December, 1994.

Ganguli, Milada. "A Pilgrimage to the Nagas." New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1984.

Golmei, Alana, "The Zeliangrong Nagas in Manipur: A socio-political study," unpublished thesis, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 2004.

Golmei, R. Huchamjinnang, "Mairam (Torch) A Brief History of Dailong."

Gongchalung, Ph, "Zeliangrong Naga Phaikam, Vol-1." Imphal, 2000.

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The Rongmei community, a subgroup of the Naga tribe, resides across the states of Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland in India's northeastern region. They identify themselves as part of the larger Zeliangrong Naga community. The Indian government's actions have led to concerns about the preservation of their unique identities. While a significant portion of the Rongmei population is concentrated in Manipur, there is also a notable presence in Assam's Barak Valley. Their primary language is Rongmei, also known as Ruanglat. The term "Rongmei" is a combination of two words: "Nruang," meaning South, and "mei," meaning people, signifying "people of the south." The Ethnologue, an international language database, recognizes their language with the code "NBU" for the Rongmei dialect (https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nbu). The Rongmei tribe has a historical connection with Barak (Aguh) Valley, where they are considered one of the earlie...
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Clans in Rongmei

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The major clans are Gonmei, Kamei, Gangmei and Rwangmei or Longmei. Every clan has a totem which is a symbol or emblem of a clan or family and it is a food taboos either an animal or bird, or tree or plants. The totems of these clans are Roingao bird of Gonmei, Ahuina (green pigeon) of Kamei, Tiger of Gangmei and white pumpkin/dog of Rwangmei. Each major clan is subdivided into a number of lineages. The lineage is a socially binding and an intermediary unit in between family and clan. ( ref ) Image: from Binnakandi Gonmei/Golmei clan is subdivided into lineages like: 1. Gonthangmei 2. Gondaimei 3. Remmei/Riamei, 4. Maringmei, 5. Dangmei, 6. Panmei/Palmei and 7. Thaimei Kamei clan has: 1. Pamei Phaomei, 2. Siangongmei, Ngaomei, 3. Khandangmei Malangmei, 4. Kamson and 5. Daimei. Gangmei clan also has lineages such as: 1. Kamang Gangmei, 2. Pheiga Gangmei, 3. Sidou Gangmei, 4. Jukhao Gangmei, 5. Goijaichang Gangmei, 6. Taokhondai Gangmei and 7. Pongring Gangmei. ...
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Rani Gaidinliu and Heraka Religion

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India is currently commemorating the birth centenary of Rani Gaidinliu, an exceptional figure in the annals of its history. Her role in the struggle for India's independence against the mighty British Empire and her endeavors to reform the socio-religious landscape have positioned her as a significant and inspirational figure. Despite her profound contributions, her name and achievements remain conspicuously absent from mainstream history textbooks and educational curricula, a glaring oversight that underscores the need to recognize her rightful place among Indian freedom fighters. Image: Epao Born on the 26th of January, 1915, in Nungkao, a Rongmei village nestled between the Barak and Makru rivers in the Tamenglong District of Manipur, Rani Gaidinliu's name translates to "bearer of good news." From a tender age, she exhibited extraordinary qualities and a courageous spirit that set her apart. Her life took a transformative turn when she encountered a young girl in ...
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Heraka

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The Zeliangrong people of Northeast India follow a significant indigenous religion known as Heraka. The term "Heraka" originates from the Zemei language and translates to "pure and not impure." The ideology behind Heraka is centered around the veneration of Tingwang, the supreme deity. The religion emphasizes purity, monotheism, and the avoidance of blood sacrifices associated with smaller deities. Image: Wikipedia In the Zeliangrong belief system, Heraka is not a departure from their traditional practices but rather a rational enhancement. The core concept revolves around worshiping only Tingwang, which represents monotheism. Heraka brings a sense of unity and understanding among the community, fostering peace and love. The religion promotes love for parents, self-discipline, and truthfulness. Tingwang is regarded as the creator of the universe, responsible for the Sun, Moon, stars, Earth, water, air, humans, animals, and all living things. The deity is considered...
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Chaakan Gaan-Ngai

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INTRODUCTION Image: A-pao Gaan Ngai Festival: Nurturing the Heart of Zeliangrong Culture Culture, tradition, and religious practices are threads that intricately weave the identity of a community. For the Zeliangrong people, the Gaan Ngai Festival stands as a pinnacle, embodying their cultural and religious essence. This festival, also known as Chaakan Gaan-Ngai, serves as a vibrant tapestry that not only unites the Zeliangrong community but also reflects their historical journey and spiritual connection. From its origin to its modern-day celebration, Gaan Ngai Festival holds a special place in the hearts and lives of the Zeliangrong people, residing in the states of Manipur, Nagaland, and Assam. A Triad of Names and Uniting Essence The Zeliangrong community, a collective term for Zemei, Liangmai, and Rongmei (Kabui) tribes, along with Puimei, came into being on February 15, 1947, at Keishamthong Kabui Village. Gaan Ngai Festival, also known as Gin-Ngi among the Liangmai, Hega-Ngi amo...
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