| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Fruits | banana | haeu |
| Fruits | mulberry | khulangathai |
| Fruits | orange | kamla |
| Fruits | papaya | thinggaina |
| Fruits | peach | sinangathai |
| Fruits | pineapple | kihuam |
| Fruits | topioca | thingmanru |
| Fruits | watermelon | duingeina |
| Fruits | wild apple | phakthai |
The Tribe of Naga: Assam, Manipur and Nagaland
Thursday, October 1, 2026
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Fruits
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Family and Relationship (Kinship)
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Family and Relationship | a loving name used for a girl/daughter | alu |
| Family and Relationship | an address between sister and sister-in-la | aning |
| Family and Relationship | arm in arm | mpamma |
| Family and Relationship | aunty | meinei (anei) |
| Family and Relationship | best man | noupoupam |
| Family and Relationship | bride | noupei |
| Family and Relationship | bridegroom | noupou |
| Family and Relationship | bridesmaid | noupeipam |
| Family and Relationship | brother | chanapu |
| Family and Relationship | cousin | maimaek |
| Family and Relationship | daughter | alupui |
| Family and Relationship | elder bro./sister | meichai (achai) |
| Family and Relationship | father | meipu (apuau) |
| Family and Relationship | for boys | abung |
| Family and Relationship | step-father | puda |
| Family and Relationship | step-mother | puida |
| Family and Relationship | wife | meinou |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Expression
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Expression | anger | lungpuam |
| Expression | lie | saraem |
| Expression | name | zan |
| Expression | news | chamchiu |
| Expression | pain | sumei |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Environment
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Environment | air | mpuan |
| Environment | cliff | khou |
| Environment | cloud | muang |
| Environment | cyclone | mpuandai |
| Environment | dew | zik |
| Environment | earth | kandih |
| Environment | earthquake | baengla |
| Environment | flood | duidai |
| Environment | fog | achin |
| Environment | gold | kachaek |
| Environment | hailstone | nrithai |
| Environment | hill/peak | luangbut |
| Environment | land | ram |
| Environment | landslide | mulai |
| Environment | lightning | tingpalik |
| Environment | mountain | chingbut |
| Environment | mt. range | luangriang |
| Environment | mud | bih |
| Environment | ocean | duipui |
| Environment | pebble | tausiam |
| Environment | plain | nzaeng |
| Environment | river | duithuak |
| Environment | rivulet | duina |
| Environment | rock | taudai |
| Environment | saline spring | tazei |
| Environment | sand | siniang |
| Environment | sea | duidai |
| Environment | slope | kaliap |
| Environment | waterfall | khouduang |
| Environment | wind | mpuan |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Food
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Food | beans | siaupai |
| Food | brinjal | panthau |
| Food | colocasia | bi |
| Food | cotton | lang |
| Food | till seed | kating |
| Food | tomato | panthaukhiangmei |
| Food | turmeric | nzaikangrim |
| Food | yam | bic |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Domestic Animals
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Domestic Animals | bitch | sikui |
| Domestic Animals | boar | guaklu |
| Domestic Animals | buffalo | guaitaluai |
| Domestic Animals | calf | guaituamna |
| Domestic Animals | cat | amiauna |
| Domestic Animals | chick | nruainciapma |
| Domestic Animals | cock | nruaidui |
| Domestic Animals | cow | guaituamkui |
| Domestic Animals | dog (male) | silu |
| Domestic Animals | dog (neutral) | si |
| Domestic Animals | piglet | guakna |
| Domestic Animals | puppy | sina |
| Domestic Animals | sheep | lauziu |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Direction
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Direction | down | kabangbiak |
| Direction | east | neipat |
| Direction | left | mbaibiak |
| Direction | north | duipi |
| Direction | right | nzatbiak |
| Direction | south | duiba |
| Direction | straight | ntingmei |
| Direction | up | karubiak |
| Direction | west | neikei |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Colour
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Colour | black | miu |
| Colour | blue | nrim |
| Colour | dark | zing |
| Colour | green | ndiak |
| Colour | grey | nram |
| Colour | pink | haengnau |
| Colour | purple | haengmum |
| Colour | red | haeng |
| Colour | white | mphuan |
| Colour | yellow | nzin |
English to Rongmei Dictionary - Celestial Body
Celestial Body
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat | Carpentry | anvil | tandang |
| Carpentry | arrow | paithu |
| Carpentry | axe | nrih |
| Carpentry | bow | pai |
| Carpentry | pickaxe | chaem |
| Carpentry | shield | nggih |
| Carpentry | sickle | baengkhuai |
| Carpentry | spade | phudan |
| Carpentry | spear | bui/chakhun |
| Carpentry | wooden lever | thingchap |
English to Rongmei Word Dictionary - Carpentry
Collected from Source available from Online, Books, and WhatsApp etc.
| Group | English | Ruanglat |
| Carpentry | arrow | paithu |
| Carpentry | axe | nrih |
| Carpentry | bow | pai |
| Carpentry | pickaxe | chaem |
| Carpentry | shield | nggih |
| Carpentry | sickle | baengkhuai |
| Carpentry | spade | phudan |
| Carpentry | spear | bui/chakhun |
| Carpentry | wooden lever | thingchap |
Sunday, August 16, 2026
Review of the Paper COVID-19 Pandemic impacts on Rongmei Society
Based on the study “Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study of Contemporary Rongmei Society” by Ngampingampou Gonmei and Lumsuaklung Gangmei
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the most significant global crises of the twenty-first century. Although it began as a public-health emergency, its effects extended far beyond sickness and death. It disrupted economies, education, healthcare, religious activities, cultural traditions, family relationships and everyday social life.
For the Rongmei community of Manipur, the pandemic created a particularly difficult situation because a significant part of community life depends on agriculture, informal employment, small businesses, social gatherings, church activities and close relationships between families and villages. Lockdowns and restrictions on movement therefore affected not only people's physical health but also the economic, social and cultural foundations of Rongmei society.
The study Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study of Contemporary Rongmei Society examines these effects through interviews and other research data. It focuses particularly on livelihood, employment, household income, education, healthcare, traditional practices, social relationships and community resilience.
The study presents COVID-19 as both a crisis and a test of resilience. The pandemic exposed serious weaknesses in rural infrastructure and access to healthcare and technology, but it also demonstrated the strength of mutual assistance, local leadership, churches, families and community organisations.
1. Economic Impact on Rongmei Households
One of the greatest effects of the pandemic was economic hardship.
Many Rongmei families depend on agriculture, daily-wage labour, informal employment, small businesses and seasonal work. When lockdowns restricted movement and markets were closed or disrupted, many people could no longer work normally. Small businesses lost customers, agricultural products became more difficult to transport and workers who depended on daily wages experienced a sudden loss of income.
The disruption of supply chains also affected the availability and price of essential commodities. Families had to depend more heavily on savings, home production and assistance from relatives and neighbours.
The study therefore highlights the vulnerability of a rural and informal economy during a large-scale disaster. It argues that future economic planning should include livelihood diversification, stronger local production and greater support for women, young people and informal workers.
The experience also demonstrated the importance of food security. Local production and household self-sufficiency can become an important protection during future emergencies.
2. Employment and Livelihood
COVID-19 particularly affected people whose income depended on physical movement and daily employment.
Daily-wage workers, small traders, transport workers and other informal workers could not continue their normal activities during lockdowns. People who normally travelled to towns and cities for employment were forced to return to their villages.
Women were also affected economically. The study notes that women engaged in informal economic activities could experience significant income losses while simultaneously carrying increased domestic responsibilities.
This experience suggests that Rongmei society needs greater economic diversification. Dependence on a single source of income makes households particularly vulnerable when a crisis suddenly closes markets or workplaces.
3. Agriculture and Food Security
Agriculture remained important during the pandemic, but farmers also experienced difficulties.
Restrictions on transportation and markets made it difficult to sell agricultural products and obtain necessary supplies. In some situations, families had to rely more heavily on what they could produce locally.
Nevertheless, local agriculture became an important form of resilience. The study records the importance of local food production and even the exchange of garden and forest products between hill and valley communities. Such exchanges strengthened relationships and helped families obtain necessities during a difficult period.
The pandemic therefore provides an important lesson: local food production is not merely an economic activity; it can also be part of disaster preparedness.
4. Education and the Digital Divide
Education was another area seriously affected by COVID-19.
When schools and colleges closed, education moved rapidly toward online platforms. For urban students with smartphones, computers, electricity and reliable internet connections, this transition was difficult but possible.
For many students in remote Rongmei areas, however, the situation was different.
Poor internet connectivity, limited access to devices and inadequate digital infrastructure made online education difficult. The study describes this as a digital divide, where rural students were placed at a disadvantage compared with students who had better technological resources.
The pandemic therefore demonstrated that digital infrastructure has become an essential part of modern education.
Investment in rural broadband, affordable devices, digital literacy and teacher training will be important for reducing educational inequality in the future. The study also suggests that digital technology can be used positively to preserve Rongmei culture and maintain communication across geographical distances.
5. Healthcare and Access to Medicine
COVID-19 placed enormous pressure on healthcare systems.
When healthcare resources were concentrated on controlling the pandemic, people suffering from other conditions could experience difficulty obtaining regular medical care. The study reports that managing the outbreak sometimes came at the expense of ordinary healthcare services.
For remote Rongmei communities, geographical distance from hospitals and poor transportation infrastructure could make the situation more difficult.
The pandemic highlighted the need for:
- better rural healthcare facilities;
- reliable medicine supplies;
- improved transportation;
- stronger emergency healthcare systems;
- better health information;
- trained healthcare personnel; and
- stronger connections between government health services and local communities.
The researchers specifically identify the need for better hospitals and stronger supply chains for food and medicines.
6. Mental Health and Psychological Effects
The pandemic affected mental health as well as physical health.
Quarantine, isolation, fear of infection, financial insecurity and uncertainty about the future created psychological pressure. The study refers to research from Manipur reporting significant psychological problems among people in quarantine, including anxiety and sleep-related difficulties.
Children and elderly people could be particularly affected by the loss of normal social interaction.
The absence of church gatherings, festivals, family events and community meetings meant that people lost many of the social spaces that normally provide emotional support.
This demonstrates that mental health should not be separated from community life. Strong families, churches, friendships and community networks can play an important role in helping people cope with disasters.
7. Social Media: Opportunity and Danger
COVID-19 accelerated the use of social media and digital communication.
People used phones and social-media platforms to communicate with relatives, receive health information, participate in prayer groups and maintain social connections when physical gatherings were impossible.
Research cited by the study found that social media encouraged preventive behaviour among many people in Manipur. However, social media also created problems through misinformation and excessive exposure to health-related information.
This is an important lesson for the future. Digital communication can help communities respond quickly during emergencies, but people need access to trustworthy information from reliable medical and public-health sources.
8. Traditional Rongmei Culture Under Pressure
COVID-19 created an unusual challenge for the preservation of Rongmei culture.
Many Rongmei traditions depend upon communal participation. Festivals, rituals, marriages, funerals, gatherings and oral traditions are not simply individual activities; they are ways through which knowledge and identity are transmitted from one generation to another.
When public gatherings were prohibited, some families continued certain practices privately, but the communal character of those traditions was weakened.
The study particularly highlights concerns among elders regarding the preservation of language, folklore and oral history.
This suggests an important opportunity: Rongmei cultural knowledge should be documented digitally through books, audio recordings, photographs, videos, dictionaries and online archives.
9. The Church and Religious Life
Churches have an important social role within Rongmei communities.
During the pandemic, church services, prayer meetings and other religious gatherings were cancelled or reduced. This affected not only religious practice but also social interaction and emotional support.
For many people, especially elderly members who were less familiar with digital technology, online worship was not an easy replacement for physical fellowship.
Nevertheless, churches and religious groups adapted through online prayer meetings, digital communication and other forms of support. The study therefore identifies religious organisations as important components of community resilience.
10. Festivals and Community Celebrations
Festivals are another important part of Rongmei cultural and economic life.
The cancellation of festivals meant the loss of opportunities for families and communities to meet, celebrate and exchange goods. The study notes that festivals also have economic significance because they involve trade and exchange.
Children and elderly people experienced loneliness because normal social gatherings disappeared.
Although phones and social media helped maintain communication, digital interaction could not completely replace face-to-face community life.
11. Vaccination and Public Health
Vaccination became one of the most important tools used to control severe COVID-19.
The study reports that attitudes toward vaccination among Rongmei respondents were generally positive but not completely uniform. Many people trusted government vaccination programmes, while others were concerned about side effects, safety or misinformation.
This demonstrates an important principle of public health: simply providing a vaccine is not enough. People also need accurate information and trust.
Health communication must be clear, culturally appropriate and understandable to local communities.
12. Government Response
The Manipur government introduced public-health measures, vaccination programmes, awareness campaigns and relief activities during the pandemic.
Respondents recognised the importance of government intervention. However, the study also reports complaints about delays in aid distribution, inadequate infrastructure and communication problems, particularly in remote and indigenous communities.
One lesson from this experience is that government programmes can become more effective when they work closely with local institutions, churches, community organisations and village-level leadership.
13. What the Pandemic Taught Rongmei Society
Perhaps the most important finding of the study is that COVID-19 revealed both vulnerability and resilience.
The community faced unemployment, economic hardship, educational inequality, healthcare difficulties, cultural disruption and psychological stress.
Yet Rongmei families and communities also demonstrated remarkable solidarity.
People shared food and medicines. Community organisations and churches helped distribute information and coordinate assistance. Families supported one another, and local leaders played important roles in responding to the crisis.
The study therefore argues that resilience should not be understood merely as the ability of individuals to survive. It is also the ability of a community to work together, adapt and protect its most vulnerable members.
14. Rongmei COVID-19 Statistics in the Study
The study provides an estimated comparison between overall COVID-19 statistics for Manipur and its estimate for the Rongmei population.
| Indicator | Manipur | Rongmei — estimated |
|---|---|---|
| Confirmed cases | 140,349 | 4,456 |
| Recovered | 138,166 | 4,437 |
| Deaths | 2,149 | 19 |
These Rongmei figures are explicitly presented by the authors as estimates based on primary field data and secondary sources, rather than as an official comprehensive Rongmei COVID-19 registry.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic was much more than a medical emergency for the Rongmei people.
It was an economic crisis, an educational crisis, a healthcare crisis, a cultural crisis and a test of community relationships.
The pandemic exposed weaknesses in rural infrastructure, healthcare access, digital connectivity and economic security. At the same time, it revealed the tremendous value of family relationships, community solidarity, churches, local leadership and traditional systems of mutual assistance.
The experience points toward four major priorities for the future:
1. Stronger healthcare systems — especially in rural and remote areas.
2. Diversified livelihoods — so that families are not dependent on one source of income.
3. Digital inclusion — ensuring that rural students and families have access to affordable technology and reliable internet.
4. Cultural preservation — documenting Rongmei language, oral history, folklore, traditional knowledge and festivals for future generations.
The researchers conclude that future disaster preparedness should combine economic diversification, digital inclusion, stronger health systems and cultural preservation. Most importantly, community voices and cultural values should be included in future policies and recovery programmes.
The COVID-19 experience was painful, but it also provides an opportunity to build a stronger, healthier and better-prepared Rongmei society.
English → Rongmei Medical and Science Vocabulary
For this part, I would recommend being very careful about standardisation. I don't want to invent Rongmei words simply to fill a table. There are existing Rongmei resources, including the Ruangmei-English Dictionary, and the Rongmei Encyclopedia has a useful medical phrase collection. For example, its medical-language page records nkhou for cough, mbah in the expression for headache, chaengc in the expression for fever, and suc for pain.
Here is a starting glossary:
| Read the Source Article here: CLICK HERE |
Wednesday, May 27, 2026
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Saturday, May 9, 2026
Issuance of Schedules Tribe (ST) Certificate for members of Rongmei Tribes Permanently Settled in Nagaland
GOVERNMENT OF NAGALAND
HOME DEPARTMENT :: HOME BRANCH
NO.HOME/SCST-27/01/2025/137 Dated Kohima, the 8th May, 2026
NOTIFICATION
Sub: Issuance of Scheduled Tribe (ST) Certificate for members of Rongmei Tribe permanently settled in Nagaland.
The Governor of Nagaland is pleased to order that the 1,313 members of the Rongmei Tribe permanently settled in Nagaland, as enumerated and compiled by the Committee constituted by the State Government on 28.09.2007 vide Notification No. Home/SCTA-6/2007 in the three districts of Kohima, Peren and erstwhile Dimapur, and their direct descendants, may be issued Scheduled Tribe Certificate stating that they are Scheduled Tribe (ST) of Manipur and permanently settled in Nagaland.
- Any member of the Rongmei Tribe whose name has been enumerated and compiled by the aforesaid Committee, and also his/her direct descendants, and who wishes to obtain a ST Certificate, shall apply in the format enclosed as Annexure I with the requisite details to the Deputy Commissioner of Kohima district/ Peren district/ Dimapur district, including Chumoukedima district and Niuland district, which were part of the erstwhile Dimapur district, as the case may be.
- The respective Deputy Commissioner shall issue ST Certificate to the eligible members of the Rongmei Tribe permanently settled in Nagaland after due verification in the format enclosed as Annexure II.
- The ST Certificate issued to the enumerated 1313 members of Rongmei Tribe permanently settled in Nagaland and their direct descendants are for the sole purpose of enabling them to avail the benefits of ST reservation for Central Government employment and Central educational institutions.
This ST Certificate shall not entitle the said 1313 members of the Rongmei Tribe and their direct descendants, to any reservation, concession or benefits specifically reserved for the Scheduled Tribes indigenous to the State of Nagaland.
- While applying for the Certificate in requisite format, the 1,313 members of the Rongmei Tribe and their direct descendants should only apply to the Deputy Commissioner of the district under which they have been enumerated i.e. Kohima, Peren, Dimapur and including Chumoukedima and Niuland district which were part of the erstwhile Dimapur, as the case may be, and compiled by the Committee constituted by the State Government on 28.09.2007 vide Notification No. Home/SCTA-6/2007.
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- (i) Any person obtaining or attempting to obtain a certificate by misrepresentation or fraud, his/her Certificate shall be liable for cancellation and he/she shall also be liable for prosecution under applicable laws.
(ii) The Deputy Commissioner after inquiry may cancel the certificate.
(iii) Appeal against the decision of the Deputy Commissioner shall lie to the Commissioner, Nagaland.
- Notwithstanding anything inconsistent contained in any prior notification issued by the State Government, the provisions of this Notification shall govern the issuance of Scheduled Tribe certificate to the said enumerated 1,313 members of the Rongmei Tribe and compiled by the Committee constituted by the State Government on 28.09.2007 vide Notification No. Home/SCTA-6/2007, and their direct descendants.
- This is issued in pursuance of the decision of the Cabinet in its meeting on 26.02.2026 conveyed vide.CAB-1/14/2023/ dated 12.03.2026 of the Cabinet Secretariat (Cabinet Cell).
Sd/-
SENTIYANGER IMCHEN, IAS
Chief Secretary, Nagaland
NO.HOME/SCST-27/01/2025/137 Dated Kohima, the 8th May, 2026
Copy to:-
- The Commissioner & Secretary to Governor of Nagaland, Lok Bhavan, Kohima.
- The Principal Secretary to Chief Minister, Nagaland, Kohima.
- The Sr. PS to Deputy Chief Ministers, Nagaland Kohima.
- The Sr. PS/PS to Speaker/Deputy Speaker, NLA, Nagaland Kohima.
- The Sr.PS/PS to all Ministers/Advisors, Nagaland Kohima.
- The Secretary-in-charge, NLA, Nagaland for kind information of all Members of Legislative Assembly.
- The Joint Secretary to Chief Secretary, Nagaland Kohima.
- The Commissioner & Secretary, Law & Justice Department, Nagaland Kohima.
- The Commissioner, Nagaland Kohima for information and necessary action.
- The Commissioner & Secretary, P & AR Dept., Nagaland, Kohima.
- The Deputy Commissioner, Kohima/Dimapur/Chumoukedima/Niuland/Peren, Nagaland for information and necessary action.
- The Director, Printing & Stationery, Nagaland Kohima, for publication in the State Gazette.
- Office Copy/ Guard File.
(ABHIJIT SINHA), IAS
Principal Secretary, Home
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